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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-20122High confidence

Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Cisco · Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager

Official source article: Cisco CISCO-SA-SDWAN-PRIVIESC-WCK7BMMT ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

7.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Medium, lowered one band.downgradedsince 26 Feb 2026

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
  • EPSS is 0.15% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Cisco Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-13921

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, formerly Cisco SD-WAN vManage, could allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain privileges of the root user on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An authenticated attacker with read-only privileges on the SD-WAN Manager system could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the CLI of the SD-WAN Manager. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root privileges on the underlying operating system.

What

A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, formerly Cisco SD-WAN vManage, could allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain privileges of the root user on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An authenticated attacker with read-only privileges on the SD-WAN Manager system could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the CLI of the SD-WAN Manager. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root privileges on the underlying operating system.

Why

The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, formerly Cisco SD-WAN vManage, could allow an authenticated, local attacker to gain privileges of the root user on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An authenticated attacker with read-only privileges on the SD-WAN Manager system could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the CLI of the SD-WAN Manager. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root privileges on the underlying operating system.

Why

The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-300 ↗

CWE-300: Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint. The product does not adequately verify the identity of actors at both ends of a communication channel, or does not adequately ensure the integrity of the channel, in a way that allows the channel to be accessed or influenced by an actor that is not an endpoint.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-300
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-0963Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager ausnutzen, um erweiterte Rechte zu erlangen, Cross-Site-Scripting-Angriffe durchzuführen, Daten zu manipulieren und vertrauliche Informationen preiszugeben.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0378Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Cisco

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Cisco. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une élévation de privilèges et un déni de service à distance.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-010437シスコシステムズの Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager における中間者の問題に関する脆弱性

シスコシステムズの Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager には、中間者の問題に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager: 20.1.12, 19.2.1, 18.4.4, 18.4.5, 20.1.1.1, 20.1.1, 19.3.0, 19.2.2, 19.2.099, 18.3.6, 18.3.7, 19.2.0, 18.3.8, 19.0.0, 19.1.0, 18.4.302, 18.4.303, 19.2.097, 19.2.098, 17.2.10, 18.3.6.1, 19.0.1a, 18.2.0, 18.4.3, 18.4.1, 17.2.8, 18.3.3.1, 18.4.0, 18.3.1, 17.2.6, 17.2.9, 18.3.4, 17.2.5, 18.3.1.1, 18.3.5, 18.4.0.1, 18.3.3, 17.2.7, 17.2.4, 18.3.0, 19.2.3, 18.4.501_ES, 20.3.1, 20.1.2, 19.2.929, 19.2.31, 20.3.2, 19.2.32, 20.3.2_925, 20.3.2.1, 20.3.2.1_927, 18.4.6, 20.1.2_937, 20.4.1, 20.3.2_928, 20.3.2_929, 20.4.1.0.1, 20.3.2.1_930, 19.2.4, 20.5.0.1.1, 20.4.1.1, 20.3.3, 19.2.4.0.1, 20.3.2_937, 20.3.3.1, 20.5.1, 20.1.3, 20.3.3.0.4, 20.3.3.1.2, 20.3.3.1.1, 20.4.1.2, 20.3.3.0.2, 20.4.1.1.5, 20.4.1.0.01, 20.4.1.0.02, 20.3.3.1.7, 20.3.3.1.5, 20.5.1.0.1, 20.3.3.1.10, 20.3.3.0.8, 20.4.2, 20.4.2.0.1, 20.3.4, 20.3.3.0.14, 19.2.4.0.8, 19.2.4.0.9, 20.3.4.0.1, 20.3.2.0.5, 20.6.1, 20.5.1.0.2, 20.3.3.0.17, 20.6.1.1, 20.6.0.18.3, 20.3.2.0.6, 20.6.0.18.4, 20.4.2.0.2, 20.3.3.0.16, 20.3.4.0.5, 20.6.1.0.1, 20.3.4.0.6, 20.6.2, 20.7.1EFT2, 20.3.4.0.9, 20.3.4.0.11, 20.4.2.0.4, 20.3.3.0.18, 20.7.1, 20.6.2.1, 20.3.4.1, 20.5.1.1, 20.4.2.1, 20.4.2.1.1, 20.3.4.1.1, 20.3.813, 20.3.4.0.19, 20.4.2.2.1, 20.5.1.2, 20.3.4.2, 20.3.814, 20.4.2.2, 20.6.2.2, 20.3.4.2.1, 20.7.1.1, 20.3.4.1.2, 20.6.2.2.2, 20.3.4.0.20, 20.6.2.2.3, 20.4.2.2.2, 20.3.5, 20.6.2.0.4, 20.4.2.2.3, 20.3.4.0.24, 20.6.2.2.7, 20.6.3, 20.3.4.2.2, 20.4.2.2.4, 20.7.1.0.2, 20.8.1, 20.3.5.0.8, 20.3.5.0.9, 20.4.2.2.8, 20.3.5.0.7, 20.6.3.0.7, 20.6.3.0.5, 20.6.3.0.10, 20.6.3.0.2, 20.7.2, 20.9.1EFT2, 20.6.3.0.11, 20.6.3.1, 20.6.3.0.14, 20.6.4, 20.9.1, 20.6.3.0.19, 20.6.3.0.18, 20.3.6, 20.9.1.1, 20.6.3.0.23, 20.6.4.0.4, 20.6.3.0.25, 20.6.5, 20.6.3.0.27, 20.9.2, 20.9.2.1, 20.6.3.0.29, 20.6.3.0.31, 20.6.3.0.32, 20.10.1, 20.6.3.0.33, 20.9.2.0.01, 20.9.1_LI_Images, 20.10.1_LI_Images, 20.9.2_LI_Images, 20.3.7, 20.9.3, 20.6.5.1, 20.11.1, 20.11.1_LI_Images, 20.9.3_LI_ Images, 20.6.3.1.1, 20.9.3.0.2, 20.6.5.1.2, 20.9.3.0.3, 20.4.2.3, 20.6.3.2, 20.6.4.1, 20.6.3.0.38, 20.6.3.0.39, 20.3.5.1, 20.3.4.3, 20.9.3.1, 20.3.3.2, 20.6.5.2, 20.3.7.1, 20.10.1.1, 20.6.5.2.1, 20.3.4.0.25, 20.6.2.2.4, 20.6.1.2, 20.11.1.1, 20.9.3.0.5, 20.3.4.0.26, 20.6.5.1.3, 20.6.3.0.40, 20.1.3.1, 20.9.2.2, 20.6.5.2.3, 20.6.5.1.4, 20.6.5.3, 20.6.3.0.41, 20.9.3.0.7, 20.6.5.1.5, 20.9.3.0.4, 20.6.4.0.19, 20.6.5.1.6, 20.9.3.0.8, 20.6.3.3, 20.3.7.2, 20.6.5.4, 20.6.5.1.7, 20.9.3.0.12, 20.6.4.2, 20.6.5.5, 20.9.3.2, 20.11.1.2, 20.6.3.4, 20.10.1.2, 20.6.5.1.9, 20.9.3.0.16, 20.6.3.0.45, 20.6.5.1.10, 20.9.3.0.17, 20.6.5.2.4, 20.6.4.0.21, 20.9.3.0.18, 20.6.3.0.46, 20.6.3.0.47, 20.9.2.3, 20.9.3.2_LI_Images, 20.9.3.0.21, 20.9.3.0.20, 20.9.4_LI_Images, 20.9.4, 20.6.5.1.11, 20.12.1, 20.12.1_LI_Images, 20.6.5.1.13, 20.9.3.0.23, 20.6.5.2.8, 20.9.4.1, 20.9.4.1_LI_Images, 20.9.3.0.25, 20.9.3.0.24, 20.6.5.1.14, 20.3.8, 20.6.6, 20.9.3.0.26, 20.6.3.0.51, 20.9.3.0.29, 20.12.2, 20.12.2_LI_Images, 20.6.6.0.1, 20.13.1_LI_Images, 20.9.4.0.4, 20.13.1, 20.9.4.1.1, 20.9.5, 20.9.5_LI_Images, 20.12.3_LI_Images, 20.12.3, 20.9.4.1.3, 20.6.7, 20.9.5.1, 20.9.5.1_LI_Images, 20.9.4.1.6, 20.14.1, 20.14.1_LI_Images, 20.9.5.2, 20.9.5.2.1, 20.9.5.2_LI_Images, 20.12.3.1, 20.12.4, 20.15.1_LI_Images, 20.15.1, 20.9.5.1.4, 20.9.5.2.7, 20.9.5.2.13, 20.9.6, 20.9.6_LI_Images, 20.9.5.2.14, 20.6.8, 20.12.4.0.03, 20.12.4_LI_Images, 20.9.5.2.16, 20.12.4.0.4, 20.12.401, 20.9.5.3, 20.9.5.3_LI_Images, 20.12.4.1_LI_Images, 20.12.4.1, 20.9.5.2.21, 20.9.6.0.3, 20.12.4.0.6
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 7 May 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 18:28 UTC · CWE-300 · Channel Accessible by Non-Endpoint

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-13921
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-13921↗CVE authority or vendor reference · Cisco CISCO-SA-SDWAN-PRIVIESC-WCK7BMMT↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-20122 · cve.blacktree.nl