BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
← Back to the CVE catalogue
Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-13281High confidence

Portworx Half-Blind SSRF in kube-controller-manager

Kubernetes · Kubernetes

5.8MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 140 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 0.39% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Kubernetes Kubernetes and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 140 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

4 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcekubernetesVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.20.5+really1.20.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcekubernetesVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.20.5+really1.20.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcekubernetesVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.20.5+really1.20.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcekubernetesVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.20.5+really1.20.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Open-source package ranges6 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
Gok8s.io/kubernetesSEMVER: introduced 0; fixed 1.32.101.32.10OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
Gok8s.io/kubernetesSEMVER: introduced 1.33.0-alpha.0; fixed 1.33.61.33.6OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
Gok8s.io/kubernetesSEMVER: introduced 1.34.0-alpha.0; fixed 1.34.21.34.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
gok8s.io/kubernetes< 1.32.101.32.10GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 20 Dec 2025
gok8s.io/kubernetes>= 1.33.0-alpha.0, < 1.33.61.33.6GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 20 Dec 2025
gok8s.io/kubernetes>= 1.34.0-alpha.0, < 1.34.21.34.2GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 20 Dec 2025
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-13281 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitykube-controller-manager: Portworx Half-Blind SSRF in kube-controller-manager
140 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • openshift-builds/openshift-builds-shared-resource-rhel9 as a component of Builds for Red Hat OpenShift
  • openshift-builds/openshift-builds-shared-resource-webhook-rhel9 as a component of Builds for Red Hat OpenShift
  • cert-manager/cert-manager-operator-rhel9 as a component of cert-manager Operator for Red Hat OpenShift
  • external-secrets-operator/bitwarden-sdk-server-rhel9 as a component of External Secrets Operator for Red Hat OpenShift
  • external-secrets-operator/external-secrets-operator-bundle as a component of External Secrets Operator for Red Hat OpenShift
  • external-secrets-operator/external-secrets-operator-rhel9 as a component of External Secrets Operator for Red Hat OpenShift
  • external-secrets-operator/external-secrets-rhel9 as a component of External Secrets Operator for Red Hat OpenShift
  • external-secrets-operator/bitwarden-sdk-server-rhel9 as a component of external secrets operator for Red Hat OpenShift - Tech Preview
  • external-secrets-operator/external-secrets-operator-bundle as a component of external secrets operator for Red Hat OpenShift - Tech Preview
  • external-secrets-operator/external-secrets-operator-rhel9 as a component of external secrets operator for Red Hat OpenShift - Tech Preview
  • external-secrets-operator/external-secrets-rhel9 as a component of external secrets operator for Red Hat OpenShift - Tech Preview
  • lvms4/lvms-must-gather-rhel9 as a component of Logical Volume Manager Storage
Summary
A half-blind Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) found in kube-controller-manager that can be triggered when using the legacy in-tree Portworx StorageClass. An authorized user with sufficient privileges can cause the controller to make requests to internal, host-network–accessible endpoints, potentially leaking sensitive information from unprotected services.
Remediation
No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security’s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-203310

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 140 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

A half-blind Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in kube-controller-manager when using the in-tree Portworx StorageClass. This vulnerability allows authorized users to leak arbitrary information from unprotected endpoints in the control plane’s host network (including link-local or loopback services).

What

A half-blind Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in kube-controller-manager when using the in-tree Portworx StorageClass. This vulnerability allows authorized users to leak arbitrary information from unprotected endpoints in the control plane’s host network (including link-local or loopback services).

Why

The server follows an attacker-influenced destination, allowing requests to systems or services the attacker cannot reach directly.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A half-blind Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in kube-controller-manager when using the in-tree Portworx StorageClass. This vulnerability allows authorized users to leak arbitrary information from unprotected endpoints in the control plane’s host network (including link-local or loopback services).

Why

The server follows an attacker-influenced destination, allowing requests to systems or services the attacker cannot reach directly.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
High: elevated access is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-918 ↗

CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRHighPrivileges required: The attacker needs elevated or administrative privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkCWE-918
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2705Kubernetes: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Offenlegung von Informationen

Ein entfernter, authentisierter Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Kubernetes ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
To mitigate this vulnerability, upgrade Kubernetes or enable the CSIMigrationPortworx feature gate.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security’s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 14 Dec 2025 · Last source change 15 Dec 2025, 16:26 UTC · CWE-918 · Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-203310
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-203310↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-13281 · cve.blacktree.nl