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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-11953High confidence

React Native Community CLI OS Command Injection Vulnerability

React Native Community · CLI

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2026-02-26 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 93.98% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs React Native Community CLI and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Open-source package ranges6 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
npm@react-native-community/cli>= 20.0.0-alpha.0, < 20.0.020.0.0GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 5 Feb 2026
npm@react-native-community/cli>= 19.0.0-alpha.0, < 19.1.219.1.2GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 5 Feb 2026
npm@react-native-community/cli>= 18.0.0, < 18.0.118.0.1GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 5 Feb 2026
npm@react-native-community/cli-server-api>= 20.0.0-alpha.0, < 20.0.020.0.0GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 5 Feb 2026
npm@react-native-community/cli-server-api>= 19.0.0-alpha.0, < 19.1.219.1.2GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 5 Feb 2026
npm@react-native-community/cli-server-api>= 18.0.0, < 18.0.118.0.1GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 5 Feb 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-37505

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

The Metro Development Server, which is opened by the React Native Community CLI, binds to external interfaces by default. The server exposes an endpoint that is vulnerable to OS command injection. This allows unauthenticated network attackers to send a POST request to the server and run arbitrary executables. On Windows, the attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 5 Feb 2026. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
9.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2026-02-26 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

React Native Community CLI contains an OS command injection vulnerability which could allow unauthenticated network attackers to send POST requests to the Metro Development Server and run arbitrary executables via a vulnerable endpoint exposed by the server. On Windows, attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.

What

React Native Community CLI contains an OS command injection vulnerability which could allow unauthenticated network attackers to send POST requests to the Metro Development Server and run arbitrary executables via a vulnerable endpoint exposed by the server. On Windows, attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.

Why

Untrusted input is incorporated into an operating-system command without safe parameter handling.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

React Native Community CLI contains an OS command injection vulnerability which could allow unauthenticated network attackers to send POST requests to the Metro Development Server and run arbitrary executables via a vulnerable endpoint exposed by the server. On Windows, attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.

Why

Untrusted input is incorporated into an operating-system command without safe parameter handling.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2026-02-05.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-78 ↗

CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection'). The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-78CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-37505Known-exploited evidence recorded

The Metro Development Server, which is opened by the React Native Community CLI, binds to external interfaces by default. The server exposes an endpoint that is vulnerable to OS command injection. This allows unauthenticated network attackers to send a POST request to the server and run arbitrary executables. On Windows, the attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.

Official EUVD record ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251105Security Bulletin 05 Nov 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 05 Nov 2025, published on 5 November 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0667Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

Record?id=CVE-2023-5764 Référence CVE CVE-2024-11079 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-11079 Référence CVE CVE-2024-12797 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-12797 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28102 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28102 Référence CVE CVE-2024-29371 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29371 Référence CVE CVE-2024-41073 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-41073 Référence CVE CVE-2024-56462 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-56462 Référence CVE CVE-2024-8775 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8775 Référence CVE CVE-2024-9902 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9902 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11953 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11953 Référence CVE CVE-2025-12635 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12635 Référence CVE CVE-2025-12758 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12758 Référence CVE CVE-2025-12816 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12816 Référence CVE CVE-2025-13333 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-13333 Référence CVE CVE-2025-13465 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-13465 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14009 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14009 Référence CVE CVE-2025-14813 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-14813 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15284 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-025897React Native CommunityのReact Native Community CLIにおけるOS コマンドインジェクションの脆弱性

React Native Community CLIによって起動されるMetro Development Serverは、デフォルトで外部インターフェースにバインドされています。このサーバーにはOSコマンドインジェクションの脆弱性があるエンドポイントが存在します。これにより、認証されていないネットワーク攻撃者はサーバーにPOSTリクエストを送信し、任意の実行ファイルを実行できます。Windows環境では、攻撃者が完全に制御された引数を用いて任意のシェルコマンドを実行できます。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-6684美 CISA 발표 주요 Exploit 정보공유(Update. 2026-02-05)

React Native Community CLI contains an OS command injection vulnerability which could allow unauthenticated network attackers to send POST requests to the Metro Development Server and run arbitrary executables via a vulnerable endpoint exposed by the server. On Windows, attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
4.8.0 < 20.0.0
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 3 Nov 2025 · Last source change 26 Feb 2026, 17:47 UTC · CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-37505
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-37505↗CISA KEV record↗Public exploit reference↗Patch or update reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-11953 · cve.blacktree.nl