BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
← Back to the CVE catalogue
Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-11198High confidence

Security Director Policy Enforcer: An unrestricted API allows a network-based unauthenticated attacker to deploy malicious vSRX images to VMWare NSX Server

Juniper Networks · Security Director Policy Enforcer

8.5HighCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • EPSS is 0.27% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Juniper Networks Security Director Policy Enforcer and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-33403

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

A Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in Juniper Networks Security Director Policy Enforcer allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to replace legitimate vSRX images with malicious ones. If a trusted user initiates deployment, Security Director Policy Enforcer will deliver the attacker's uploaded image to VMware NSX instead of a legitimate one. This issue affects Security Director Policy Enforcer:   * All versions before 23.1R1 Hotpatch v3. This issue does not affect Junos Space Security Director Insights.

What

A Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in Juniper Networks Security Director Policy Enforcer allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to replace legitimate vSRX images with malicious ones. If a trusted user initiates deployment, Security Director Policy Enforcer will deliver the attacker's uploaded image to VMware NSX instead of a legitimate one. This issue affects Security Director Policy Enforcer:   * All versions before 23.1R1 Hotpatch v3. This issue does not affect Junos Space Security Director Insights.

Why

A security-sensitive function is reachable without the authentication check that should protect it.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation when the stated preconditions are met. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in Juniper Networks Security Director Policy Enforcer allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to replace legitimate vSRX images with malicious ones. If a trusted user initiates deployment, Security Director Policy Enforcer will deliver the attacker's uploaded image to VMware NSX instead of a legitimate one. This issue affects Security Director Policy Enforcer:   * All versions before 23.1R1 Hotpatch v3. This issue does not affect Junos Space Security Director Insights.

Why

A security-sensitive function is reachable without the authentication check that should protect it.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation when the stated preconditions are met. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Missing Authentication for Critical Function → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Passive interaction required
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-306 ↗

CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function. The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Red

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATNoneAttack requirements: No additional deployment or execution condition is required.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIPassiveUser interaction: A user must unknowingly interact with the vulnerable system.VCNoneVulnerable-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VIHighVulnerable-system integrity: A successful attack can cause a major loss.VANoneVulnerable-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SCHighSubsequent-system confidentiality: A successful attack can cause a major loss.SIHighSubsequent-system integrity: A successful attack can cause a major loss.SAHighSubsequent-system availability: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-306
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2238Juniper JUNOS OS, Space, OS Evolved: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Juniper JUNOS ausnutzen, um sich erweiterte Berechtigungen zu verschaffen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand herbeizuführen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder Daten zu manipulieren.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251015Security Bulletin 15 Oct 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 15 Oct 2025, published on 15 October 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0855Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Juniper Networks

etin-Junos-Space-Reflected-client-side-HTTP-parameter-pollution-vulnerability-in-web-interface-CVE-2025-59977 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks JSA103172 du 08 octobre 2025 https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/2025-10-Security-Bulletin-Junos-Space-Flooding-device-with-inbound-API-calls-leads-to-WebUI-and-CLI-management-access-DoS-CVE-2025-59975 Bulletin de sécurité Juniper Networks JSA103437 du 08 octobre 2025 https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/2025-10-Security-Bulletin-Security-Director-Policy-Enforcer-An-unrestricted-API-allows-a-network-based-unauthenticated-attacker-to-deploy-malicious-vSRX-images-to-VMWare-NSX-Server-CVE-2025-11198 Référence CVE CVE-2015-1427 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-1427 Référence CVE CVE-2015-3253 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-3253 Référence CVE CVE-2015-5377 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-5377 Référence CVE CVE-2018-17244 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-17244 Référence CVE CVE-2018-17247 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-17247 Référence CVE CVE-2018-3823 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-3823 Référence CVE CVE-2018-3824 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-3824 Référence CVE CVE-2018-3826 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-3826 Référence CVE CVE-2018-3831 https://www.cve.o

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-025362ジュニパーネットワークスのSecurity Director Policy Enforcerにおける重要な機能に対する認証の欠如に関する脆弱性

Juniper Networks Security Director Policy Enforcerにおける重要機能に対する認証欠如の脆弱性により、認証されていないネットワークベースの攻撃者が正当なvSRXイメージを悪意のあるイメージに置き換えることが可能です。信頼されたユーザーがデプロイメントを開始すると、Security Director Policy Enforcerは正当なイメージの代わりに攻撃者がアップロードしたイメージをVMware NSXに配信します。この問題はSecurity Director Policy Enforcerのバージョン23.1R1 Hotpatch v3より前のすべてのバージョンに影響しますが、Junos Space Security Director Insightsには影響しません。

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0305Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Juniper Networks Junos OS

A vulnerability in Juniper Networks Security Director Policy Enforcer allows unauthenticated attackers to replace legitimate vSRX images with malicious ones during deployment initiated by a trusted user, affecting all versions prior to 23.1R1 Hotpatch v3.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Security Director Policy Enforcer: < 23.1R1 Hotpatch v3
Fixed
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 9 Oct 2025 · Last source change 9 Oct 2025, 19:49 UTC · CWE-306 · Missing Authentication for Critical Function

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-33403
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: supportportal.juniper.net/JSA103437.
    Before
    vendor advisory: supportportal.juniper.net/JSA103437
    After
    remediation: supportportal.juniper.net/JSA103437 · vendor advisory: supportportal.juniper.net/JSA103437
    sirt@juniper.net ↗
  2. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < 23.1R1 Hotpatch v3 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    Security Director Policy Enforcer: < 23.1R1 Hotpatch v3 · Fixed: The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue:; Security Director Policy Enforcer 23.1 Hotpatch v3, 24.1R4, and all subsequent releases.; Additionally, Juniper SIRT suggests action taken to rotate secrets across all devices after upgrading.
    CNA ↗
  3. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    sirt@juniper.net ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-33403↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-11198 · cve.blacktree.nl