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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-11081High confidence

GNU Binutils objdump.c dump_dwarf_section out-of-bounds

GNU · Binutils

4.8MediumCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
  • EPSS is 0.20% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs GNU Binutils and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

4 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 2 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcebinutilsAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcebinutilsAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcebinutilsVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.46-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcebinutilsVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.46-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-11081 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitybinutils: GNU Binutils out-of-bounds read
75 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • rhmtc/openshift-migration-must-gather-rhel8 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Containers
  • migration-toolkit-virtualization/mtv-must-gather-rhel8 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Virtualization
  • binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • binutils-gold as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • gcc-toolset-15-binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • gcc-toolset-15-binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • gcc-toolset-15-binutils-gold as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • gcc-toolset-15-binutils-gprofng as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • gcc-toolset-15-binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
  • gdb-doc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
Summary
An out of bounds read flaw has been discovered in GNU bin utilities. This issue affects the function dump_dwarf_section of the file binutils/objdump.c. Performing manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. The attack is only possible with local access.
Remediation
For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://images.redhat.com/
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-31443

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

A vulnerability was detected in GNU Binutils 2.45. This issue affects the function dump_dwarf_section of the file binutils/objdump.c. Performing manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. The attack is only possible with local access. The exploit is now public and may be used. The patch is named f87a66db645caf8cc0e6fc87b0c28c78a38af59b. It is suggested to install a patch to address this issue.

What

A vulnerability was detected in GNU Binutils 2.45. This issue affects the function dump_dwarf_section of the file binutils/objdump.c. Performing manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. The attack is only possible with local access. The exploit is now public and may be used. The patch is named f87a66db645caf8cc0e6fc87b0c28c78a38af59b. It is suggested to install a patch to address this issue.

Why

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A vulnerability was detected in GNU Binutils 2.45. This issue affects the function dump_dwarf_section of the file binutils/objdump.c. Performing manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. The attack is only possible with local access. The exploit is now public and may be used. The patch is named f87a66db645caf8cc0e6fc87b0c28c78a38af59b. It is suggested to install a patch to address this issue.

Why

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
local access → Out-of-bounds Read → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-125 ↗

CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read. The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATNoneAttack requirements: No additional deployment or execution condition is required.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCNoneVulnerable-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VALowVulnerable-system availability: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-125Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-2144binutils: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in binutils ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen oder beliebigen Code auszuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20251001Security Bulletin 01 Oct 2025

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 01 Oct 2025, published on 1 October 2025. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0218Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0725 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0840 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0840 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0913 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0913 Référence CVE CVE-2025-0938 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-0938 Référence CVE CVE-2025-10148 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10148 Référence CVE CVE-2025-10911 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10911 Référence CVE CVE-2025-1094 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-1094 Référence CVE CVE-2025-10966 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10966 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11065 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11065 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11081 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11081 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11082 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11082 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11083 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11083 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11412 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11412 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11414 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11414 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11468 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11468 Référence CVE CVE-2025-1148 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-1148 Référence CVE CVE-2025-1149 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-1149 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11494 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-015233GNU Project の GNU Binutils におけるバッファエラーの脆弱性

GNU Project の GNU Binutils には、バッファエラーの脆弱性、境界外読み取りに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 27 Sept 2025 · Last source change 29 Sept 2025, 19:36 UTC · CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-31443
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    Binutils: 2.45 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    Binutils: 2.45 · Fixed: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://images.redhat.com/
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  2. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    2.45 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    2.45 · Fixed: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://images.redhat.com/
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    rhmtc/openshift-migration-must-gather-rhel8 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Containers; migration-toolkit-virtualization/mtv-must-gather-rhel8 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Virtualization; binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; binutils-gold as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils-gold as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils-gprofng as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb-doc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb-gdbserver as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb-headless as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb-minimal as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; mingw-binutils-generic as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; mingw32-binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; mingw64-binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; gdb-doc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; gdb-gdbserver as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; gdb.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; and 44 more · Fixed: binutils-main@aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Hardened Images; binutils-main@src as a component of Red Hat Hardened Images; binutils-main@x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Hardened Images
    After
    rhmtc/openshift-migration-must-gather-rhel8 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Containers; migration-toolkit-virtualization/mtv-must-gather-rhel8 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Virtualization; binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; binutils-gold as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils-gold as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils-gprofng as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gcc-toolset-15-binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb-doc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb-gdbserver as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb-headless as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb-minimal as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; gdb.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; mingw-binutils-generic as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; mingw32-binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; mingw64-binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; gdb-doc as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; gdb-gdbserver as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; gdb.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; binutils as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; binutils-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; binutils.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; and 45 more · Fixed: binutils-main@aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Hardened Images; binutils-main@src as a component of Red Hat Hardened Images; binutils-main@x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Hardened Images
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  4. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    Binutils: 2.45 · Fixed: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://images.redhat.com/
    After
    Binutils: 2.45 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
  5. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: sourceware.org/gitweb.cgi?p=binutils-gdb.git;h=f87a66db645caf8cc0e6fc87b0c28c78a38af59b; removed remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2025-11081.
    Before
    patch: sourceware.org/gitweb.cgi?p=binutils-gdb.git;h=f87a66db645caf8cc0e6fc87b0c28c78a38af59b · remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2025-11081
    After
    patch: sourceware.org/gitweb.cgi?p=binutils-gdb.git;h=f87a66db645caf8cc0e6fc87b0c28c78a38af59b · remediation: sourceware.org/gitweb.cgi?p=binutils-gdb.git;h=f87a66db645caf8cc0e6fc87b0c28c78a38af59b
    cna@vuldb.com ↗
  6. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    2.45 · Fixed: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://images.redhat.com/
    After
    Binutils: 2.45 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-11081 · cve.blacktree.nl