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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-10044High confidence

Keycloak: keycloak error_description injection on error pages

Keycloak · keycloak

4.3MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-10044 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitykeycloak: Keycloak error_description injection on error pages
18 fixed

The vendor explicitly identifies these products or versions as containing the fix.

  • rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:1696b6f86abea123341f703981c26d79365c8a0c046d7add6970fb7b1848ace2_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:1f1063865b03fc7df0cde72bf9adad052c1344681c68d251d90a66bf17d2ead5_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:5c7682f2c9ad3abc538c452e2c1b529ebbdc3325c61f9749c02c653b9b0305d1_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:807b9465c2d0b562e44fbba308674ff0b7407525b508eba70189e98a74571577_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:3958d590802fbd607139edcc2bfdbd4c84c20da2ecb823e2ddc78c47d0fe9cb9_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:84220c0ea3f46801293efa2539a77bf0f84464b2acc966878ee199db1a61c016_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:bbf03f6b8636dd6fbbf8714ca18b5e2857977375660e8f0f212009655eaa5bdb_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0
  • rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:a588a2eed385d29ccaf1f81bd719ca4b4ee85ab7359081706b2e810fd5e2db79_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:37e61c0daec97796ceb9899a7104a40723ab5fe7c147c7dca928171190d68cde_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:481dd9a0fabf5afe085f2d5af3b0cbf6a16c28a02dfde8dbbeb1bc406a377087_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:8409c7a684aaee2080a718ea1b38d32cad93ae677db831fdaa98caa70e7ca18f_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
  • rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:d1318bc91903f9374c2403f9845b1ef1b63ca1566a553eb51b7073c1737feeee_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2
Summary
A flaw was found in Keycloak. Keycloak’s account console and other pages accept arbitrary text in the error_description query parameter. This text is directly rendered in error pages without validation or sanitization. While HTML encoding prevents XSS, an attacker can craft URLs with misleading messages (e.g., fake support phone numbers or URLs), which are displayed within the trusted Keycloak UI. This creates a phishing vector, potentially tricking users into contacting malicious actors.
Remediation
Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-27029

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

A flaw was found in Keycloak. Keycloak’s account console and other pages accept arbitrary text in the error_description query parameter. This text is directly rendered in error pages without validation or sanitization. While HTML encoding prevents XSS, an attacker can craft URLs with misleading messages (e.g., fake support phone numbers or URLs), which are displayed within the trusted Keycloak UI. This creates a phishing vector, potentially tricking users into contacting malicious actors.

What

A flaw was found in Keycloak. Keycloak’s account console and other pages accept arbitrary text in the error_description query parameter. This text is directly rendered in error pages without validation or sanitization. While HTML encoding prevents XSS, an attacker can craft URLs with misleading messages (e.g., fake support phone numbers or URLs), which are displayed within the trusted Keycloak UI. This creates a phishing vector, potentially tricking users into contacting malicious actors.

Why

Attacker-controlled content can reach a browser as executable script without sufficient output encoding or sanitisation.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A flaw was found in Keycloak. Keycloak’s account console and other pages accept arbitrary text in the error_description query parameter. This text is directly rendered in error pages without validation or sanitization. While HTML encoding prevents XSS, an attacker can craft URLs with misleading messages (e.g., fake support phone numbers or URLs), which are displayed within the trusted Keycloak UI. This creates a phishing vector, potentially tricking users into contacting malicious actors.

Why

Attacker-controlled content can reach a browser as executable script without sufficient output encoding or sanitisation.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Required interaction required
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-79 ↗

CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'). The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-79
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2025-1987Keycloak: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Keycloak ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen, und um falsche Informationen darzustellen.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
< 26.2.9
Fixed
rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:1696b6f86abea123341f703981c26d79365c8a0c046d7add6970fb7b1848ace2_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:1f1063865b03fc7df0cde72bf9adad052c1344681c68d251d90a66bf17d2ead5_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:5c7682f2c9ad3abc538c452e2c1b529ebbdc3325c61f9749c02c653b9b0305d1_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:807b9465c2d0b562e44fbba308674ff0b7407525b508eba70189e98a74571577_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:3958d590802fbd607139edcc2bfdbd4c84c20da2ecb823e2ddc78c47d0fe9cb9_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:84220c0ea3f46801293efa2539a77bf0f84464b2acc966878ee199db1a61c016_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:bbf03f6b8636dd6fbbf8714ca18b5e2857977375660e8f0f212009655eaa5bdb_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0; rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle@sha256:a588a2eed385d29ccaf1f81bd719ca4b4ee85ab7359081706b2e810fd5e2db79_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:37e61c0daec97796ceb9899a7104a40723ab5fe7c147c7dca928171190d68cde_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:481dd9a0fabf5afe085f2d5af3b0cbf6a16c28a02dfde8dbbeb1bc406a377087_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:8409c7a684aaee2080a718ea1b38d32cad93ae677db831fdaa98caa70e7ca18f_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator@sha256:d1318bc91903f9374c2403f9845b1ef1b63ca1566a553eb51b7073c1737feeee_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:04f5f15f3dc17e4284fb7e80f24c7a360d53286c4fc6df70b4805481442e4628_ppc64le as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:05c1e3aabb19e873e9adbb30014a4886b7038e655e9e80a9ceefe5ed882ab3b2_amd64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:87696bca8b24fd17e5d7df4df1a07bb7ef5a740dbaabe789131439d9f639ef60_arm64 as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; rhbk/keycloak-rhel9@sha256:ffa465c5bd6eb28c790bf48873a01237d8fdc26e0b145443bc04f5fcd8739f9a_s390x as a component of Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2; Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0.17; Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2.9
Action
Before applying the update, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings, and so on.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 5 Sept 2025 · Last source change 19 Dec 2025, 21:46 UTC · CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-27029
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD not scheduled

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-27029↗Vendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-10044 · cve.blacktree.nl