Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- EPSS is 0.54% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2024-56406High confidence
Perl is vulnerable to a heap buffer overflow when transliterating non-ASCII bytes
perl · perl
8.4HighCVSS 3.1
Within 7 days
Patch availableHigh technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs perl perl and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Distribution package intelligence
8 package statesRelease-specific package status
Alpine, Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine v3.23v3.23 · main | perl | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 5.40.1-r1 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Alpine v3.22v3.22 · main | perl | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 5.40.1-r1 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Alpine v3.21v3.21 · main | perl | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 5.40.1-r1 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Debian trixietrixie · source | perl | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 5.40.1-3 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | perl | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 5.36.0-7+deb12u2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | perl | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 5.40.1-3 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | perl | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 5.40.1-3 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | perl | Vendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree. | 5.38.2-3.2ubuntu0.1 | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
Direct vendor intelligence
2 currentAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
CVE-2024-56406 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 31 · interimSUSE Product Security TeamCVE-2024-56406
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- SLES 15 SP1 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP2 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP3 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP4 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP5 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP1 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP2 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP3 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP4 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP5 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP1 CHOST Images for Microsoft Azure
- SLES 15 SP2 CHOST Images for Microsoft Azure
- Summary
- A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in Perl. Release branches 5.34, 5.36, 5.38 and 5.40 are affected, including development versions from 5.33.1 through 5.41.10. When there are non-ASCII bytes in the left-hand-side of the `tr` operator, `S_do_trans_invmap` can overflow the destination pointer `d`. $ perl -e '$_ = "\x{FF}" x 1000000; tr/\xFF/\x{100}/;' Segmentation fault (core dumped) It is believed that this vulnerability can enable Denial of Service and possibly Code Execution attacks on platforms that lack sufficient defenses.
- Remediation
- To install this SUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods like YaST online_update or "zypper patch".
CVE-2024-56406 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securityperl: Perl 5.34, 5.36, 5.38 and 5.40 are vulnerable to a heap buffer overflow when transliterating non-ASCII bytes
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- perl as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-Archive-Extract as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-Archive-Tar as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-CGI as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-CPAN as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-CPANPLUS as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-Compress-Zlib as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-Digest-SHA as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- perl-ExtUtils-Embed as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- Summary
- A flaw was found in Perl. This vulnerability allows a heap buffer overflow, which can lead to denial of service and potential arbitrary code execution on platforms that lack sufficient defenses via specially crafted input to the tr/// transliteration operator containing non-ASCII bytes on the left-hand side.
- Remediation
- For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.
Patch available01
What, why and how
A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in Perl. Release branches 5.34, 5.36, 5.38 and 5.40 are affected, including development versions from 5.33.1 through 5.41.10. When there are non-ASCII bytes in the left-hand-side of the `tr` operator, `S_do_trans_invmap` can overflow the destination pointer `d`. $ perl -e '$_ = "\x{FF}" x 1000000; tr/\xFF/\x{100}/;' Segmentation fault (core dumped) It is believed that this vulnerability can enable Denial of Service and possibly Code Execution attacks on platforms that lack sufficient defenses.
What
A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in Perl. Release branches 5.34, 5.36, 5.38 and 5.40 are affected, including development versions from 5.33.1 through 5.41.10. When there are non-ASCII bytes in the left-hand-side of the `tr` operator, `S_do_trans_invmap` can overflow the destination pointer `d`. $ perl -e '$_ = "\x{FF}" x 1000000; tr/\xFF/\x{100}/;' Segmentation fault (core dumped) It is believed that this vulnerability can enable Denial of Service and possibly Code Execution attacks on platforms that lack sufficient defenses.
Why
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
How
An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.
What
A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in Perl. Release branches 5.34, 5.36, 5.38 and 5.40 are affected, including development versions from 5.33.1 through 5.41.10. When there are non-ASCII bytes in the left-hand-side of the `tr` operator, `S_do_trans_invmap` can overflow the destination pointer `d`. $ perl -e '$_ = "\x{FF}" x 1000000; tr/\xFF/\x{100}/;' Segmentation fault (core dumped) It is believed that this vulnerability can enable Denial of Service and possibly Code Execution attacks on platforms that lack sufficient defenses.
Why
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
How
An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- local access → Heap-based Buffer Overflow → disrupt the affected service
- Attack surface
- Local
- Privileges required
- None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-122 ↗
CWE-122: Heap-based Buffer Overflow. A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Patch available
- Affected
- SLES 15 SP1 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP2 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP3 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP4 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP5 CHOST Images for Amazon EC2
- SLES 15 SP1 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP2 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP3 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP4 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP5 CHOST Images for Google
- SLES 15 SP1 CHOST Images for Microsoft Azure
- SLES 15 SP2 CHOST Images for Microsoft Azure
- SLES 15 SP3 CHOST Images for Microsoft Azure
- SLES 15 SP4 CHOST Images for Microsoft Azure
- SLES 15 SP5 CHOST Images for Microsoft Azure
- Action
- To install this SUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods like YaST online_update or "zypper patch".
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 13 Apr 2025 · Last source change 16 Oct 2025, 14:04 UTC · CWE-122 · Heap-based Buffer Overflow
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCISA ADP
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2024-54400
Product sourceVendor CSAF · SUSE Product Security Team
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · SUSE Product Security Team
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment
Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- 5.41.0 ≤ 5.41.10; 5.39.0 < 5.40.2-RC1; 5.33.1 < 5.38.4-RC1 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
- After
- 5.41.0 ≤ 5.41.10; 5.39.0 < 5.40.2-RC1; 5.33.1 < 5.38.4-RC1 · Fixed: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.