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Full vulnerability report · 2024
CVE-2024-4577High confidence

PHP-CGI OS Command Injection Vulnerability

PHP Group · PHP

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2024-07-03 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2024-44188

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, 8.3.* before 8.3.8, when using Apache and PHP-CGI on Windows, if the system is set up to use certain code pages, Windows may use "Best-Fit" behavior to replace characters in command line given to Win32 API functions. PHP CGI module may misinterpret those characters as PHP options, which may allow a malicious user to pass options to PHP binary being run, and thus reveal the source code of scripts, run arbitrary PHP code on the server, etc.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 12 Jun 2024. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
9.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
8 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2024-0414Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Communications
  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2024-0243Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in PHP
  • csaf_ncscnl · NCSC-2024-0411Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Database producten
Recommended actionPatch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2024-07-03 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

PHP, specifically Windows-based PHP used in CGI mode, contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows for arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability is a patch bypass for CVE-2012-1823.

What

PHP, specifically Windows-based PHP used in CGI mode, contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows for arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability is a patch bypass for CVE-2012-1823.

Why

Untrusted input is incorporated into an operating-system command without safe parameter handling.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

PHP, specifically Windows-based PHP used in CGI mode, contains an OS command injection vulnerability that allows for arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability is a patch bypass for CVE-2012-1823.

Why

Untrusted input is incorporated into an operating-system command without safe parameter handling.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2024-06-12. Known ransomware campaign use is recorded.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-78 ↗

CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection'). The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
NetworkUnauthenticatedRemote code executionCWE-78CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2024-44188Known-exploited evidence recorded

In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, 8.3.* before 8.3.8, when using Apache and PHP-CGI on Windows, if the system is set up to use certain code pages, Windows may use "Best-Fit" behavior to replace characters in command line given to Win32 API functions. PHP CGI module may misinterpret those characters as PHP options, which may allow a malicious user to pass options to PHP binary being run, and thus reveal the source code of scripts, run arbitrary PHP code on the server, etc.

Official EUVD record
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-3195Oracle Communications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Communications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-1320PHP: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in PHP ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen und um Sicherheitsmechanismen zu umgehen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-1046Multiples vulnérabilités dans Tenable Security Center

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Tenable. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une atteinte à la confidentialité des données, un contournement de la politique de sécurité et un déni de service.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0818Multiples vulnérabilités dans PHP

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans PHP. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0565Vulnérabilité dans les produits Mitel

Une vulnérabilité a été découverte dans les produits Mitel. Elle permet à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0468Multiples vulnérabilités dans PHP

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans PHP. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2024-0414Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Communications

Een kwaadwillende kan de kwetsbaarheden misbruiken om aanvallen uit te voeren die kunnen leiden tot de volgende categorieën schade: - Denial-of-Service (DoS) - Manipuleren van gegevens - Uitvoer van willekeurige code (Gebruikersrechten) - Uitvoer van willekeurige code (Administratorrechten) - Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2024-0411Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Database producten

Een kwaadwillende kan de kwetsbaarheden misbruiken om aanvallen uit te voeren die kunnen leiden tot de volgende categorieën schade: - Denial-of-Service (DoS) - Manipuleren van data - Toegang tot gevoelige gegevens

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2024-0243Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in PHP

Een kwaadwillende kan de kwetsbaarheden misbruiken om willekeurige code uit te voeren met rechten van de applicatie. De kwetsbaarheid met kenmerk CVE-2024-4577 is feitelijk een herintreding van de kwetsbaarheid met kenmerk CVE-2012-1823. Deze kwetsbaarheid maakt het mogelijk om willekeurige code uit te voeren met rechten van de applicatie middels Command Injection.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
8.1.* < 8.1.29; 8.2.* < 8.2.20; 8.3.* < 8.3.8
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 9 Jun 2024 · Last source change 21 Oct 2025, 23:05 UTC · CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2024-44188
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2024-44188↗CISA KEV record↗Patch or update reference↗Public exploit reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2024-4577 · cve.blacktree.nl