Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- EPSS is 0.79% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2024
CVE-2024-29041High confidence
Express.js Open Redirect in malformed URLs
expressjs · express
Official source article: GitHub GHSA-RV95-896H-C2VC ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.
6.1MediumCVSS 3.1
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix
Fix availability varies by productMedium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityMedium→Operational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs expressjs express and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Remediation availability differs by product scope
Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
- Debian Security Tracker: 1 affected package state with no published fix
Distribution package intelligence
4 package statesRelease-specific package status
Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Package result overrides the generic status
BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 1 affected package state shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian trixietrixie · source | node-express | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 4.19.2+~cs8.36.21-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | node-express | Affected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open. | Not published in this feed | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | node-express | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 4.19.2+~cs8.36.21-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | node-express | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 4.19.2+~cs8.36.21-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
Open-source package ranges4 source-attributed ranges
These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.
| Ecosystem and package | Affected range | First fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| npmexpress | < 4.19.2 | 4.19.2 | GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 20 Dec 2025 |
| npmexpress | >= 5.0.0-alpha.1, < 5.0.0-beta.3 | 5.0.0-beta.3 | GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 20 Dec 2025 |
| npmexpress | SEMVER: introduced 0; fixed 4.19.2 | 4.19.2 | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
| npmexpress | SEMVER: introduced 5.0.0-alpha.1; fixed 5.0.0-beta.3 | 5.0.0-beta.3 | OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026 |
Direct vendor intelligence
1 currentAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
CVE-2024-29041 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securityexpress: cause malformed URLs to be evaluated
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- qpid-dispatch.src as a component of A-MQ Interconnect 1
- openshift-logging/logging-view-plugin-rhel8 as a component of Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift
- express.src as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 6
- mta/mta-ui-rhel9 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 6
- mta/mta-cli-rhel9 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 7
- mta/mta-ui-rhel9 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 7
- express.src as a component of Migration Toolkit for Runtimes
- workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel8 as a component of Node HealthCheck Operator
- 3scale-amp-system-container as a component of Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-central-db-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
- Summary
- A flaw was found in the Express.js minimalist web framework for node. Upstream versions of Express.js before 4.19.0 and all pre-release alpha and beta versions of 5.0 are affected by an open redirect vulnerability using malformed URLs. When a user of Express performs a redirect using a user-provided URL, Express performs an encode [using `encodeurl`](https://github.com/pillarjs/encodeurl) on the contents before passing it to the `location` header. This issue can cause malformed URLs to be evaluated in unexpected ways by common redirect allow list implementations in Express applications, leading to an Open Redirect via bypass of a properly implemented allow list. The main method impacted is `res.location()`, but this is also called from within `res.redirect()`. The vulnerability is fixed in upstream version 4.19.2 and 5.0.0-beta.3.
- Remediation
- Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
Fix availability varies by product01
What, why and how
Express.js minimalist web framework for node. Versions of Express.js prior to 4.19.0 and all pre-release alpha and beta versions of 5.0 are affected by an open redirect vulnerability using malformed URLs. When a user of Express performs a redirect using a user-provided URL Express performs an encode [using `encodeurl`](https://github.com/pillarjs/encodeurl) on the contents before passing it to the `location` header. This can cause malformed URLs to be evaluated in unexpected ways by common redirect allow list implementations in Express applications, leading to an Open Redirect via bypass of a properly implemented allow list. The main method impacted is `res.location()` but this is also called from within `res.redirect()`. The vulnerability is fixed in 4.19.2 and 5.0.0-beta.3.
What
Express.js minimalist web framework for node. Versions of Express.js prior to 4.19.0 and all pre-release alpha and beta versions of 5.0 are affected by an open redirect vulnerability using malformed URLs. When a user of Express performs a redirect using a user-provided URL Express performs an encode [using `encodeurl`](https://github.com/pillarjs/encodeurl) on the contents before passing it to the `location` header. This can cause malformed URLs to be evaluated in unexpected ways by common redirect allow list implementations in Express applications, leading to an Open Redirect via bypass of a properly implemented allow list. The main method impacted is `res.location()` but this is also called from within `res.redirect()`. The vulnerability is fixed in 4.19.2 and 5.0.0-beta.3.
Why
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
Express.js minimalist web framework for node. Versions of Express.js prior to 4.19.0 and all pre-release alpha and beta versions of 5.0 are affected by an open redirect vulnerability using malformed URLs. When a user of Express performs a redirect using a user-provided URL Express performs an encode [using `encodeurl`](https://github.com/pillarjs/encodeurl) on the contents before passing it to the `location` header. This can cause malformed URLs to be evaluated in unexpected ways by common redirect allow list implementations in Express applications, leading to an Open Redirect via bypass of a properly implemented allow list. The main method impacted is `res.location()` but this is also called from within `res.redirect()`. The vulnerability is fixed in 4.19.2 and 5.0.0-beta.3.
Why
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- a network path → URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
- Attack surface
- Network
- Privileges required
- None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
- User interaction
- Required interaction required
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-601 ↗
CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect'). The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:NCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CLowConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Fix availability varies by product
- Affected
- qpid-dispatch.src as a component of A-MQ Interconnect 1
- openshift-logging/logging-view-plugin-rhel8 as a component of Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift
- express.src as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 6
- mta/mta-ui-rhel9 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 6
- mta/mta-cli-rhel9 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 7
- mta/mta-ui-rhel9 as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 7
- express.src as a component of Migration Toolkit for Runtimes
- workload-availability/node-remediation-console-rhel8 as a component of Node HealthCheck Operator
- 3scale-amp-system-container as a component of Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-central-db-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-roxctl-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-central-db-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-roxctl-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4
- advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-scanner-v4-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4
- rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Developer Hub
- discovery-server-container as a component of Red Hat Discovery 1
- firefox as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- firefox.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- thunderbird as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- thunderbird.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- firefox as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- firefox.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- thunderbird as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- thunderbird.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- cldr-emoji-annotation.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- odh-dashboard-container as a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)
- and 29 more
- Fixed
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-chains-controller-rhel8@sha256:6b3e1fb2d534596e811290912f44adc7e802f0b9221fdf99c040804741be51f4_s390x as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-chains-controller-rhel8@sha256:97f4b5fe34f39729a6e5b0dae6992788e707e400bf5e0c7f6ef9e0a1751ffd81_amd64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-chains-controller-rhel8@sha256:abb7268ee2ce62b94b4dba0fc65207bcc7ac64338b10d15ccc57a0b077c56d5e_ppc64le as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-chains-controller-rhel8@sha256:d0e21023ff258a92b2b899089ac8245f6a7aaedf72596dd952bc6bc2072f07eb_arm64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-cli-tkn-rhel8@sha256:5fcd0a7266ebb30fcb6522de7d46185f3c4effcf7aed2bdff9133180d8092e81_amd64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-cli-tkn-rhel8@sha256:a9308b73e38d1784e7e0e85530494811a3a936581b0b15406a831cbca6b51d4d_ppc64le as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-cli-tkn-rhel8@sha256:d740f317b2fd15a7fdb8b5461bc3ee13d8eed50c29536fe4217b89340103f07f_s390x as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-cli-tkn-rhel8@sha256:ec8e4322d9d75fbaf2bbdf87d80f890af7e59b111a03138e2ea9e8e21a9841fc_arm64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8@sha256:458ff95d3645b3904d6ff93b5a2da1759a27e9d0d775c8adf598ab6886eba175_s390x as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8@sha256:5cc1a8b7a7d6af4681e93dbcf378bc0b1cac853aa37172dd2e64950e33b0d390_arm64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8@sha256:6730b6c5d63b9fbd7e10150fcc5e62c0145320a949f0dda56ae0864561651729_amd64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-console-plugin-rhel8@sha256:ed1ecc41d06d040907ac59e0c39ddd6429770cba6628fb532228f3b1b4b1233d_ppc64le as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-controller-rhel8@sha256:5da6397f22e3ebd8a8d363f39d8cba2fdf15b13a2f8955488ac2b047a2ee3b90_s390x as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-controller-rhel8@sha256:93e0a7bcbef2432c645a0f7295035776950ff2018452b6a63bdd3af9312746c3_arm64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-controller-rhel8@sha256:a0c347a5c888baedebaa32eecf9cf6f625fcf37ade2f42702ff6bbfb306e68f8_ppc64le as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-controller-rhel8@sha256:a1e781866d3c356f38e89a3937d6b96a3c15b7b880f1a5c35fe7e106f81213fe_amd64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-entrypoint-rhel8@sha256:43dc6d413eab18ba5fa27c8acbbc437dbb21294b47be41cb4e77bfa49ee6776e_ppc64le as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-entrypoint-rhel8@sha256:60c70453cdda43c61fe75aac3e95ffde9b1c8cc06dae9749017020586dc334ef_amd64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-entrypoint-rhel8@sha256:72c17887a35bc880045ea9ef7d2fcdf5fda106f563853102582661698d71af74_arm64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-entrypoint-rhel8@sha256:c77bfce0abaac800970937b5348cf16b631a101f6e96c743d5782f6b420d191a_s390x as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-events-rhel8@sha256:3dd3c388b1acf33c0d651b32bc0510395926e5e5444f6c3fd2e72c4ac00cb64d_s390x as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-events-rhel8@sha256:72d9112a32a3e0598883a679cd2937fee73dffd502ddb2e44350e7e6625175e7_ppc64le as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-events-rhel8@sha256:81994abd500fe05fa9ebc1bb6ccfde573ca1e2acafa3a943f31dc2a5dc5599fd_amd64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-events-rhel8@sha256:acc4cacbb79098e2430a51abec6667bcd401591b9d8c250978328360e947caec_arm64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-git-init-rhel8@sha256:4f8fe30627b138387849db8b9e027c6600b4d8e8a9fb60898dd087ac04a3fd10_s390x as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-git-init-rhel8@sha256:5fc0894cf8677cf0b4540dd45001085a1c6283666757196191311276ff1f52f7_ppc64le as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-git-init-rhel8@sha256:bc596235b5108185241212de4315eb2fd1d520586041704fe6ea0f0556682f9c_arm64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-git-init-rhel8@sha256:d1ef4d43c288a2e2be270932d8bee2ebabe08d1c05eaedf408e8d3f08bc37d3d_amd64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-api-rhel8@sha256:38df2ee7b5531f7d2539a9b43cb4dee79c9afc3c47a9acd7a53352381bc77e0c_amd64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- openshift-pipelines/pipelines-hub-api-rhel8@sha256:9eeb9e5ad290a62fd14bbe09d9214a123a3eb790f05b80a6bb94c7e9f55ec865_arm64 as a component of OpenShift Pipelines version 1.16 for RHEL 8
- and 197 more
- Action
- Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 25 Mar 2024 · Last source change 2 Aug 2024, 01:03 UTC · CWE-601 · URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2024-1007
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched
Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- >=4.14.0, <4.19.0; >=5.0.0-alpha.1, <5.0.0-beta.3 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
- After
- >=4.14.0, <4.19.0; >=5.0.0-alpha.1, <5.0.0-beta.3 · Fixed: Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.