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Full vulnerability report · 2024
CVE-2024-28102High confidence

JWCrypto vulnerable to JWT bomb Attack in `deserialize` function

latchset · jwcrypto

6.8MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

1 package state
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivepython-jwcryptoUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2024-0946

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

JWCrypto implements JWK, JWS, and JWE specifications using python-cryptography. Prior to version 1.5.6, an attacker can cause a denial of service attack by passing in a malicious JWE Token with a high compression ratio. When the server processes this token, it will consume a lot of memory and processing time. Version 1.5.6 fixes this vulnerability by limiting the maximum token length.

What

JWCrypto implements JWK, JWS, and JWE specifications using python-cryptography. Prior to version 1.5.6, an attacker can cause a denial of service attack by passing in a malicious JWE Token with a high compression ratio. When the server processes this token, it will consume a lot of memory and processing time. Version 1.5.6 fixes this vulnerability by limiting the maximum token length.

Why

The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

JWCrypto implements JWK, JWS, and JWE specifications using python-cryptography. Prior to version 1.5.6, an attacker can cause a denial of service attack by passing in a malicious JWE Token with a high compression ratio. When the server processes this token, it will consume a lot of memory and processing time. Version 1.5.6 fixes this vulnerability by limiting the maximum token length.

Why

The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
High: elevated access is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Changed: exploitation can affect a different security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-770

CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling. The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRHighPrivileges required: The attacker needs elevated or administrative privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SChangedScope: The attack can affect a component governed by a different security authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
Stolen credentials, tokens and legitimate administration functions may provide continued access without deploying a large custom toolset.
NetworkDenial of serviceCWE-770Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2024-1003Red Hat Enterprise Linux: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Red Hat Enterprise Linux ausnutzen, um einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand herbeizuführen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen, Dateien zu manipulieren, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)-Angriffe durchzuführen oder einen Men-in-the-Middle-Angriff auszuführen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0698Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

t/pages/node/7274859 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7274860 du 02 juin 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7274860 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7274954 du 02 juin 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7274954 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7275012 du 03 juin 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7275012 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7275089 du 03 juin 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7275089 Référence CVE CVE-2021-23337 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-23337 Référence CVE CVE-2022-24771 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-24771 Référence CVE CVE-2022-35961 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-35961 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28102 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28102 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11143 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11143 Référence CVE CVE-2025-12816 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12816 Référence CVE CVE-2025-13465 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-13465 Référence CVE CVE-2025-15599 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-15599 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27789 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27789 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47913 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47913 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47914 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47914 Référence CVE CVE-2025-58181 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0667Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

185 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7274314 du 28 mai 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7274314 Référence CVE CVE-2006-10002 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2006-10002 Référence CVE CVE-2006-10003 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2006-10003 Référence CVE CVE-2021-23337 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-23337 Référence CVE CVE-2023-26132 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-26132 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5764 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5764 Référence CVE CVE-2024-11079 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-11079 Référence CVE CVE-2024-12797 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-12797 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28102 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28102 Référence CVE CVE-2024-29371 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29371 Référence CVE CVE-2024-41073 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-41073 Référence CVE CVE-2024-56462 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-56462 Référence CVE CVE-2024-8775 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-8775 Référence CVE CVE-2024-9902 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-9902 Référence CVE CVE-2025-11953 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-11953 Référence CVE CVE-2025-12635 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-12635 Référence CVE CVE-2025-12758 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0579Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

cord?id=CVE-2024-2466 Référence CVE CVE-2024-25023 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-25023 Référence CVE CVE-2024-25026 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-25026 Référence CVE CVE-2024-25062 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-25062 Référence CVE CVE-2024-2511 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-2511 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26458 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26458 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26461 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26461 Référence CVE CVE-2024-27088 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-27088 Référence CVE CVE-2024-27270 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-27270 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28102 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28102 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28176 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28176 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28182 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28182 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28834 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28834 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28849 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28849 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28863 Référence CVE CVE-2024-29041 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29041 Référence CVE CVE-2024-2961 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-2961 Référence CVE CVE-2024-29857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0385Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

d?id=CVE-2024-20926 Référence CVE CVE-2024-20932 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-20932 Référence CVE CVE-2024-20945 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-20945 Référence CVE CVE-2024-20952 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-20952 Référence CVE CVE-2024-22195 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-22195 Référence CVE CVE-2024-22361 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-22361 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26130 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26130 Référence CVE CVE-2024-27269 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-27269 Référence CVE CVE-2024-27273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-27273 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28102 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28102 Gestion détaillée du document le 10 mai 2024 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0366Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

cord?id=CVE-2023-5072 Référence CVE CVE-2024-1135 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-1135 Référence CVE CVE-2024-21334 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-21334 Référence CVE CVE-2024-21501 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-21501 Référence CVE CVE-2024-21503 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-21503 Référence CVE CVE-2024-22195 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-22195 Référence CVE CVE-2024-24758 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-24758 Référence CVE CVE-2024-25047 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-25047 Référence CVE CVE-2024-27088 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-27088 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28102 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28102 Référence CVE CVE-2024-28849 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-28849 Référence CVE CVE-2024-29131 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29131 Référence CVE CVE-2024-29133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-29133 Gestion détaillée du document le 03 mai 2024 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des sys

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
jwcrypto: < 1.5.6
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 6 Mar 2024 · Last source change 9 Sept 2024, 13:06 UTC · CWE-770 · Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2024-0946
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2024-28102 · cve.blacktree.nl