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Full vulnerability report · 2026
CVE-2024-14041High confidence

ML-KEM (Kyber) decapsulation leaks private key information through non-constant-time division in message decoding and ciphertext compression (KyberSlash)

Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. · BC-JAVA

8.2HighCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 9 Aug 2026

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.34% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

5 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 1 affected package state shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcebouncycastleVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.80-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcebouncycastleAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcebouncycastleVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.80-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcebouncycastleVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.80-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-appsbouncycastleUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2024-14041 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitybouncycastle: Bouncy Castle for Java: Private key recovery via timing side-channel in ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) routines
1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • bcprov-jdk18on as a component of Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack
Summary
A flaw was found in Bouncy Castle for Java, affecting ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) routines. Specifically, the Poly.toMsg, Poly.compressPoly, and PolyVec.compressPolyVec routines, which handle secret-derived polynomial coefficients, perform division by the modulus q. A remote attacker can exploit this timing side-channel vulnerability by measuring the time taken for a large number of decapsulations using the same long-term private key. Successful exploitation allows the attacker to recover the long-term private key, leading to a significant compromise of cryptographic security.
Remediation
Fix deferred
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2024-55702

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

In Bouncy Castle for Java from 1.73 to before 1.78, three ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) routines divided secret-derived polynomial coefficients by the modulus q: Poly.toMsg, which decodes the decrypted message, and the ciphertext compression routines Poly.compressPoly and PolyVec.compressPolyVec. An attacker able to measure the timing of a large number of decapsulations performed with the same long-term private key can recover that key. These are the KyberSlash1 (Poly.toMsg) and KyberSlash2 (ciphertext compression) divisions. Compression performed during encapsulation operates on values that become the public ciphertext and is not affected.

What

In Bouncy Castle for Java from 1.73 to before 1.78, three ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) routines divided secret-derived polynomial coefficients by the modulus q: Poly.toMsg, which decodes the decrypted message, and the ciphertext compression routines Poly.compressPoly and PolyVec.compressPolyVec. An attacker able to measure the timing of a large number of decapsulations performed with the same long-term private key can recover that key. These are the KyberSlash1 (Poly.toMsg) and KyberSlash2 (ciphertext compression) divisions. Compression performed during encapsulation operates on values that become the public ciphertext and is not affected.

Why

Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

In Bouncy Castle for Java from 1.73 to before 1.78, three ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) routines divided secret-derived polynomial coefficients by the modulus q: Poly.toMsg, which decodes the decrypted message, and the ciphertext compression routines Poly.compressPoly and PolyVec.compressPolyVec. An attacker able to measure the timing of a large number of decapsulations performed with the same long-term private key can recover that key. These are the KyberSlash1 (Poly.toMsg) and KyberSlash2 (ciphertext compression) divisions. Compression performed during encapsulation operates on values that become the public ciphertext and is not affected.

Why

Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Observable Timing Discrepancy → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-208 ↗

CWE-208: Observable Timing Discrepancy. Two separate operations in a product require different amounts of time to complete, in a way that is observable to an actor and reveals security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/U:Amber

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.ATPresentAttack requirements: A particular deployment or execution condition must be present.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCHighVulnerable-system confidentiality: A successful attack can cause a major loss.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VANoneVulnerable-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-208Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-2550Bouncy Castle: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Offenlegung von Informationen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Bouncy Castle ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20260729Security Bulletin 29 Jul 2026

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 29 Jul 2026, published on 29 July 2026. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-1165Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ecord?id=CVE-2023-52845 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52847 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52847 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52864 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52864 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52877 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52877 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52878 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52878 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52881 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52881 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52922 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52922 Référence CVE CVE-2023-6040 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-6040 Référence CVE CVE-2023-6378 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-6378 Référence CVE CVE-2024-14041 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-14041 Référence CVE CVE-2024-21823 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-21823 Référence CVE CVE-2024-2201 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-2201 Référence CVE CVE-2024-23454 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-23454 Référence CVE CVE-2024-23848 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-23848 Référence CVE CVE-2024-23944 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-23944 Référence CVE CVE-2024-23945 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-23945 Référence CVE CVE-2024-23953 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-23953 Référence CVE CVE-2024-24549 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2026-030422Bouncy Castleのbc-javaにおけるタイミングの違いに起因する情報漏えいに関する脆弱性

Bouncy Castle for Java バージョン1.73から1.78未満において、3つのML-KEM(CRYSTALS-Kyber)ルーチンは、秘密から導出された多項式の係数を法qで除算していました。具体的には、復号されたメッセージをデコードするPoly.toMsgと、暗号文圧縮ルーチンであるPoly.compressPolyおよびPolyVec.compressPolyVecです。同じ長期間使用される秘密鍵で多数のデカプセル化のタイミングを計測できる攻撃者は、その秘密鍵を回復することが可能です。これらはKyberSlash1(Poly.toMsgの除算)およびKyberSlash2(暗号文圧縮の除算)という攻撃手法です。一方、エンカプセル化時に行われる圧縮は公開暗号文となる値に対して行われるため、この攻撃の影響は受けません。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
bcprov-jdk18on as a component of Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 28 Jul 2026 · Last source change 9 Aug 2026, 20:56 UTC · CWE-208 · Observable Timing Discrepancy

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2024-55702
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    1.73 < 1.78 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    BC-JAVA: 1.73 < 1.78 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
  2. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added patch: github.com/1590247178f2280defa36421475f015175dfbe9e; added patch: github.com/5adb2c5c5b462a332b01a012bea0784b40b904e5; 2 further additions.
    Before
    no authoritative guidance recorded
    After
    patch: github.com/1590247178f2280defa36421475f015175dfbe9e · patch: github.com/5adb2c5c5b462a332b01a012bea0784b40b904e5 · remediation: github.com/5adb2c5c5b462a332b01a012bea0784b40b904e5 · 1 more references
    github.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    1.73 < 1.78 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    1.73 < 1.78 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
  4. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    github.com ↗
  5. Public exploit evidencePublic exploit evidence changed from No public exploit to Public exploit reference.
    Before
    No public exploit
    After
    Public exploit reference
    kyberslash.cr.yp.to ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2024-14041 · cve.blacktree.nl