Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- EPSS is 1.81% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2024
CVE-2024-0985High confidence
PostgreSQL non-owner REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY executes arbitrary SQL
Unknown · PostgreSQL
8.0HighCVSS 3.1
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix
Fix availability varies by productHigh technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Unknown PostgreSQL and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Remediation availability differs by product scope
Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
- Siemens ProductCERT: 1 affected or under-investigation product state without a fixed product state in the same current advisory
Distribution package intelligence
7 package statesRelease-specific package status
Alpine, Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine v3.23v3.23 · community | postgresql16 | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 16.2-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 11 Sep 2026 |
| Alpine v3.22v3.22 · community | postgresql15 | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 15.6-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 11 Sep 2026 |
| Alpine v3.22v3.22 · main | postgresql16 | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 16.2-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Alpine v3.21v3.21 · community | postgresql15 | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 15.6-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 19 Aug 2026 |
| Alpine v3.21v3.21 · main | postgresql16 | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 16.2-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | postgresql-15 | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 15.6-0+deb12u1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 7 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | postgresql-16 | Vendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree. | 16.2-1 | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
Direct vendor intelligence
2 currentAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
7PAA017341 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 1 · finalABB Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT)CVE-2024-0985
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.2
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.3
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.3 RU1
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.3 RU2
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.3 RU3
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.4
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.4 SP1
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.4 SP2
- Summary
- An attacker can provide untrusted materialized views and lure a high privileged authorized user to inadvertently execute arbitrary SQL functions by refreshing the attacker's materialized view.
- Remediation
- ABB advises all customers to review their installations to determine if they are using an impacted product as listed above, no further analysis or tools are needed to make this determination. The recommended immediate actions per product are listed below: - Systems using S+ Engineering 2.2 through 2.4 SP2 should upgrade to S+ Engineering 2.4 SP2 RU1 (re-leased in December 2024) or later. - End users who are unable to install one of these updates should immediately look to implement the Mitigation and Workarounds listed below as this will restrict or prevent an attacker’s ability to com-promise the system. ABB recommends that customers apply the update at the earliest convenience.
SSA-784301 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 1 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-784301: Multiple Vulnerabilities in SINEC NMS Before V3.0
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- SINEC NMS
- Summary
- Late privilege drop in REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary SQL functions as the command issuer. The command intends to run SQL functions as the owner of the materialized view, enabling safe refresh of untrusted materialized views. The victim is a superuser or member of one of the attacker's roles. The attack requires luring the victim into running REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY on the attacker's materialized view. Versions before PostgreSQL 16.2, 15.6, 14.11, 13.14, and 12.18 are affected.
- Remediation
- Update to V3.0 or later version
High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
Fix availability varies by product01
What, why and how
Late privilege drop in REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary SQL functions as the command issuer. The command intends to run SQL functions as the owner of the materialized view, enabling safe refresh of untrusted materialized views. The victim is a superuser or member of one of the attacker's roles. The attack requires luring the victim into running REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY on the attacker's materialized view. Versions before PostgreSQL 16.2, 15.6, 14.11, 13.14, and 12.18 are affected.
What
Late privilege drop in REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary SQL functions as the command issuer. The command intends to run SQL functions as the owner of the materialized view, enabling safe refresh of untrusted materialized views. The victim is a superuser or member of one of the attacker's roles. The attack requires luring the victim into running REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY on the attacker's materialized view. Versions before PostgreSQL 16.2, 15.6, 14.11, 13.14, and 12.18 are affected.
Why
The product does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
Late privilege drop in REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to execute arbitrary SQL functions as the command issuer. The command intends to run SQL functions as the owner of the materialized view, enabling safe refresh of untrusted materialized views. The victim is a superuser or member of one of the attacker's roles. The attack requires luring the victim into running REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY on the attacker's materialized view. Versions before PostgreSQL 16.2, 15.6, 14.11, 13.14, and 12.18 are affected.
Why
The product does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- a network path → Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
- Attack surface
- Network
- Privileges required
- Low: a basic authenticated account is required
- User interaction
- Required interaction required
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-271 ↗
CWE-271: Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors. The product does not drop privileges before passing control of a resource to an actor that does not have those privileges.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Fix availability varies by product
- Affected
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.2
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.3
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.3 RU1
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.3 RU2
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.3 RU3
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.4
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.4 SP1
- ABB Ability™ Symphony® Plus S+ Engineering 2.4 SP2
- Action
- Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 8 Feb 2024 · Last source change 13 Jun 2025, 15:09 UTC · CWE-271 · Privilege Dropping / Lowering Errors
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2024-16762
Product sourceVendor CSAF · ABB Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT)
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · ABB Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT)
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment
Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.ABB Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) ↗
- Before
- 16 < 16.2; 15 < 15.6; 14 < 14.11; 13 < 13.14; < 12.18 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
- After
- 16 < 16.2; 15 < 15.6; 14 < 14.11; 13 < 13.14; < 12.18 · Fixed: ABB advises all customers to review their installations to determine if they are using an impacted product as listed above, no further analysis or tools are needed to make this determination. The recommended immediate actions per product are listed below: - Systems using S+ Engineering 2.2 through 2.4 SP2 should upgrade to S+ Engineering 2.4 SP2 RU1 (re-leased in December 2024) or later. - End users who are unable to install one of these updates should immediately look to implement the Mitigation and Workarounds listed below as this will restrict or prevent an attacker’s ability to com-promise the system. ABB recommends that customers apply the update at the earliest convenience.
- Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.ABB Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) ↗
- Before
- Awaiting fix
- After
- Patch available
- Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added remediation: search.abb.com/Download.aspx?DocumentID=7PAA017341&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch; removed remediation: nvd.nist.gov/CVE-2024-0985.ABB Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) ↗
- Before
- remediation: nvd.nist.gov/CVE-2024-0985
- After
- remediation: search.abb.com/Download.aspx?DocumentID=7PAA017341&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.