Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
- EPSS is 0.22% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2023-53035High confidence
nilfs2: fix kernel-infoleak in nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy()
Linux · Linux
7.1HighCVSS 3.1
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix
Fix availability varies by productHigh technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:Medium, lowered one band.downgradedsince 11 May 2026
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Linux Linux and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Remediation availability differs by product scope
Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
- Canonical Ubuntu Security: 2 affected package states with no published fix
Distribution package intelligence
6 package statesRelease-specific package status
Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Package result overrides the generic status
BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 2 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian trixietrixie · source | linux | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 6.1.25-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | linux | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 6.1.25-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | linux | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 6.1.25-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | linux | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 6.1.25-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-raspi-realtime | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | linux-realtime | Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026 |
High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 2 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
Fix availability varies by product01
What, why and how
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: fix kernel-infoleak in nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy() The ioctl helper function nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy(), which exchanges a metadata array to/from user space, may copy uninitialized buffer regions to user space memory for read-only ioctl commands NILFS_IOCTL_GET_SUINFO and NILFS_IOCTL_GET_CPINFO. This can occur when the element size of the user space metadata given by the v_size member of the argument nilfs_argv structure is larger than the size of the metadata element (nilfs_suinfo structure or nilfs_cpinfo structure) on the file system side. KMSAN-enabled kernels detect this issue as follows: BUG: KMSAN: kernel-infoleak in instrument_copy_to_user include/linux/instrumented.h:121 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: kernel-infoleak in _copy_to_user+0xc0/0x100 lib/usercopy.c:33 instrument_copy_to_user include/linux/instrumented.h:121 [inline] _copy_to_user+0xc0/0x100 lib/usercopy.c:33 copy_to_user include/linux/uaccess.h:169 [inline] nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy+0x6fa/0xc10 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:99 nilfs_ioctl_get_info fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1173 [inline] nilfs_ioctl+0x2402/0x4450 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1290 nilfs_compat_ioctl+0x1b8/0x200 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1343 __do_compat_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:968 [inline] __se_compat_sys_ioctl+0x7dd/0x1000 fs/ioctl.c:910 __ia32_compat_sys_ioctl+0x93/0xd0 fs/ioctl.c:910 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/common.c:112 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xa2/0x100 arch/x86/entry/common.c:178 do_fast_syscall_32+0x37/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:203 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/common.c:246 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x70/0x82 Uninit was created at: __alloc_pages+0x9f6/0xe90 mm/page_alloc.c:5572 alloc_pages+0xab0/0xd80 mm/mempolicy.c:2287 __get_free_pages+0x34/0xc0 mm/page_alloc.c:5599 nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy+0x223/0xc10 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:74 nilfs_ioctl_get_info fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1173 [inline] nilfs_ioctl+0x2402/0x4450 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1290 nilfs_compat_ioctl+0x1b8/0x200 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1343 __do_compat_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:968 [inline] __se_compat_sys_ioctl+0x7dd/0x1000 fs/ioctl.c:910 __ia32_compat_sys_ioctl+0x93/0xd0 fs/ioctl.c:910 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/common.c:112 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xa2/0x100 arch/x86/entry/common.c:178 do_fast_syscall_32+0x37/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:203 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/common.c:246 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x70/0x82 Bytes 16-127 of 3968 are uninitialized ... This eliminates the leak issue by initializing the page allocated as buffer using get_zeroed_page().
What
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: fix kernel-infoleak in nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy() The ioctl helper function nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy(), which exchanges a metadata array to/from user space, may copy uninitialized buffer regions to user space memory for read-only ioctl commands NILFS_IOCTL_GET_SUINFO and NILFS_IOCTL_GET_CPINFO. This can occur when the element size of the user space metadata given by the v_size member of the argument nilfs_argv structure is larger than the size of the metadata element (nilfs_suinfo structure or nilfs_cpinfo structure) on the file system side. KMSAN-enabled kernels detect this issue as follows: BUG: KMSAN: kernel-infoleak in instrument_copy_to_user include/linux/instrumented.h:121 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: kernel-infoleak in _copy_to_user+0xc0/0x100 lib/usercopy.c:33 instrument_copy_to_user include/linux/instrumented.h:121 [inline] _copy_to_user+0xc0/0x100 lib/usercopy.c:33 copy_to_user include/linux/uaccess.h:169 [inline] nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy+0x6fa/0xc10 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:99 nilfs_ioctl_get_info fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1173 [inline] nilfs_ioctl+0x2402/0x4450 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1290 nilfs_compat_ioctl+0x1b8/0x200 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1343 __do_compat_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:968 [inline] __se_compat_sys_ioctl+0x7dd/0x1000 fs/ioctl.c:910 __ia32_compat_sys_ioctl+0x93/0xd0 fs/ioctl.c:910 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/common.c:112 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xa2/0x100 arch/x86/entry/common.c:178 do_fast_syscall_32+0x37/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:203 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/common.c:246 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x70/0x82 Uninit was created at: __alloc_pages+0x9f6/0xe90 mm/page_alloc.c:5572 alloc_pages+0xab0/0xd80 mm/mempolicy.c:2287 __get_free_pages+0x34/0xc0 mm/page_alloc.c:5599 nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy+0x223/0xc10 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:74 nilfs_ioctl_get_info fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1173 [inline] nilfs_ioctl+0x2402/0x4450 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1290 nilfs_compat_ioctl+0x1b8/0x200 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1343 __do_compat_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:968 [inline] __se_compat_sys_ioctl+0x7dd/0x1000 fs/ioctl.c:910 __ia32_compat_sys_ioctl+0x93/0xd0 fs/ioctl.c:910 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/common.c:112 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xa2/0x100 arch/x86/entry/common.c:178 do_fast_syscall_32+0x37/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:203 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/common.c:246 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x70/0x82 Bytes 16-127 of 3968 are uninitialized ... This eliminates the leak issue by initializing the page allocated as buffer using get_zeroed_page().
Why
The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.
How
An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: fix kernel-infoleak in nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy() The ioctl helper function nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy(), which exchanges a metadata array to/from user space, may copy uninitialized buffer regions to user space memory for read-only ioctl commands NILFS_IOCTL_GET_SUINFO and NILFS_IOCTL_GET_CPINFO. This can occur when the element size of the user space metadata given by the v_size member of the argument nilfs_argv structure is larger than the size of the metadata element (nilfs_suinfo structure or nilfs_cpinfo structure) on the file system side. KMSAN-enabled kernels detect this issue as follows: BUG: KMSAN: kernel-infoleak in instrument_copy_to_user include/linux/instrumented.h:121 [inline] BUG: KMSAN: kernel-infoleak in _copy_to_user+0xc0/0x100 lib/usercopy.c:33 instrument_copy_to_user include/linux/instrumented.h:121 [inline] _copy_to_user+0xc0/0x100 lib/usercopy.c:33 copy_to_user include/linux/uaccess.h:169 [inline] nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy+0x6fa/0xc10 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:99 nilfs_ioctl_get_info fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1173 [inline] nilfs_ioctl+0x2402/0x4450 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1290 nilfs_compat_ioctl+0x1b8/0x200 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1343 __do_compat_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:968 [inline] __se_compat_sys_ioctl+0x7dd/0x1000 fs/ioctl.c:910 __ia32_compat_sys_ioctl+0x93/0xd0 fs/ioctl.c:910 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/common.c:112 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xa2/0x100 arch/x86/entry/common.c:178 do_fast_syscall_32+0x37/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:203 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/common.c:246 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x70/0x82 Uninit was created at: __alloc_pages+0x9f6/0xe90 mm/page_alloc.c:5572 alloc_pages+0xab0/0xd80 mm/mempolicy.c:2287 __get_free_pages+0x34/0xc0 mm/page_alloc.c:5599 nilfs_ioctl_wrap_copy+0x223/0xc10 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:74 nilfs_ioctl_get_info fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1173 [inline] nilfs_ioctl+0x2402/0x4450 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1290 nilfs_compat_ioctl+0x1b8/0x200 fs/nilfs2/ioctl.c:1343 __do_compat_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:968 [inline] __se_compat_sys_ioctl+0x7dd/0x1000 fs/ioctl.c:910 __ia32_compat_sys_ioctl+0x93/0xd0 fs/ioctl.c:910 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/common.c:112 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xa2/0x100 arch/x86/entry/common.c:178 do_fast_syscall_32+0x37/0x80 arch/x86/entry/common.c:203 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/common.c:246 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x70/0x82 Bytes 16-127 of 3968 are uninitialized ... This eliminates the leak issue by initializing the page allocated as buffer using get_zeroed_page().
Why
The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.
How
An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- local access → vulnerable operation → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
- Attack surface
- Local
- Privileges required
- Low: a basic authenticated account is required
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration. - CWE not yet assigned
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Fix availability varies by product
- Action
- Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 2 May 2025 · Last source change 11 May 2026, 19:37 UTC · CWE not yet assigned
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-13227
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceUnavailable
NVD statusNVD enriched
Missing structured fields: CWE classification. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.