Full vulnerability report · 2023

CVE-2023-5197High confidence

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component

Linux · Kernel

7.8HighCVSS 3.1

Recommended action

Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available

Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

3 package states

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu release	Source package	Vendor state	Fixed version	Evidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive	`linux-azure-fde`	Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.	`Not published in this feed`	Canonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive	`linux-raspi`	Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.	`Not published in this feed`	Canonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive	`linux-raspi-realtime`	Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.	`Not published in this feed`	Canonical record ↗Source updated 11 Sept 2026

Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current

SSA-794697 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 9 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-794697: Vulnerabilities in the additional GNU/Linux subsystem of the SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP before V1.1

1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem

Summary: A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component can be exploited to achieve local privilege escalation. Addition and removal of rules from chain bindings within the same transaction causes leads to use-after-free. We recommend upgrading past commit f15f29fd4779be8a418b66e9d52979bb6d6c2325.
Remediation: Update to V1.1 or later version

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current

ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-57528

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state: Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation: Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score: Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence: No linked advisory details stored yet

Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available

What, why and how

A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component can be exploited to achieve local privilege escalation. Addition and removal of rules from chain bindings within the same transaction causes leads to use-after-free. We recommend upgrading past commit f15f29fd4779be8a418b66e9d52979bb6d6c2325.

What

Why

The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may gain additional privileges.

What

Why

The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may gain additional privileges.

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path: local access → Use After Free → gain additional privileges
Attack surface: Local
Privileges required: Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction: None
Attack complexity: Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary: Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness ? CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.: CWE-416 ↗
CWE-416: Use After Free. The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.
CVSS vector ? CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land: The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.

Privilege escalationCWE-416

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-57528Official EUVD mapping

0 linked advisory records.

Official EUVD record ↗

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-2497Linux Kernel: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Privilegieneskalation

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle im Linux Kernel ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erhöhen.

Official advisory ↗

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0265Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

ord?id=CVE-2022-48627 Référence CVE CVE-2023-0461 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-0461 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28746 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28746 Référence CVE CVE-2023-35827 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-35827 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39191 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39191 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46343 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46343 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46813 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46813 Référence CVE CVE-2023-51042 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-51042 Référence CVE CVE-2023-51779 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-51779 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5197 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5197 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52340 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52340 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52429 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52429 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52439 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52439 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52443 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52443 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52445 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52445 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52447 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52447 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52448 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52448 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52449 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=C

Official advisory ↗

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0242Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2021-47078 Référence CVE CVE-2021-47083 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47083 Référence CVE CVE-2022-20154 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-20154 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48627 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48627 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48628 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48628 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28746 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28746 Référence CVE CVE-2023-35827 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-35827 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46343 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46343 Référence CVE CVE-2023-51042 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-51042 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5197 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5197 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52340 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52340 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52429 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52429 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52439 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52439 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52443 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52443 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52445 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52445 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52447 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52447 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52448 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52448 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52449 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=C

Official advisory ↗

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0988Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42753 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42754 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42754 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44466 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44466 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45862 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45862 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45871 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45871 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4622 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4622 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4623 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4623 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4881 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4881 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5090 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5090 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5197 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5197 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5345 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5345 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5717 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5717 Gestion détaillée du document le 01 décembre 2023 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory ↗

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0960Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu . Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et une exécution de code arbitraire à distance.

Official advisory ↗

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0911Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

g/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42754 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42755 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42755 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42756 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42756 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44466 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44466 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4569 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4569 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4622 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4622 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4623 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4623 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4881 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4881 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4921 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4921 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5197 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5197 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5345 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5345 Gestion détaillée du document le 03 novembre 2023 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory ↗

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0895Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de Ubuntu

CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42752 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42753 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42753 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42755 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42755 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42756 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42756 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44466 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44466 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4622 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4622 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4623 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4623 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4881 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4881 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4921 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4921 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5197 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5197 Gestion détaillée du document le 27 octobre 2023 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory ↗

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0871Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42752 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42753 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42753 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42755 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42755 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42756 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42756 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44466 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44466 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4622 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4622 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4623 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4623 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4881 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4881 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4921 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4921 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5197 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5197 Gestion détaillée du document le 20 octobre 2023 Version initiale le 23 octobre 2023 Correction coquille. Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory ↗

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status ? Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.: Patch available
Affected: SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem
Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action: Update to V1.1 or later version
Workaround: No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.

Evidence and provenance

Published 26 Sept 2023 · Last source change 13 Feb 2025, 17:19 UTC · CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1

CVSS sourceCNA

EPSS source

The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.

FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14

European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-57528

Product sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT

Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT

CWE sourceCNA

NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

2023-09-26CVE published

2025-02-13Fixed release or patch reference recorded

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-57528↗Vendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Patch or update reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗

Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report

CVE: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS: Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS: Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE: Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA: CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD: National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT: A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC: Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF: Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL: Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component

National CERT insights ?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

EUVD-2023-57528

What, why and how

Exploit reality and attack path

Official authority intelligence

Patch and workaround

Evidence and provenance

National CERT insights
?
CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.