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Full vulnerability report · 2024
CVE-2023-49262High confidence

Buffer overflow vulnerability in Cookie authentication field

Hongdian · H8951-4G-ESP

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Fix not verified
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-53264

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

The authentication mechanism can be bypassed by overflowing the value of the Cookie "authentication" field, provided there is an active user session.

What

The authentication mechanism can be bypassed by overflowing the value of the Cookie "authentication" field, provided there is an active user session.

Why

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

The authentication mechanism can be bypassed by overflowing the value of the Cookie "authentication" field, provided there is an active user session.

Why

The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Integer Overflow or Wraparound → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-190

CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound. The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-190
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

CERT Polska · Polish · CVE-2023-49253CERT Polska w social mediach

CERT Polska otrzymał zgłoszenie o podatnościach w oprogramowaniu routera Hongdian H8951-4G-ESP i koordynował proces ujawniania informacji. Podatność CVE-2023-49253 to predefiniowane hasło administratora root. Domyślne hasło administratora root znane producentowi jest zakodowane na stałe w urządzeniu i nie można go zmienić w interfejsie użytkownika. Podatność CVE-2023-49254 umożliwia uwierzytelnionemu użytkownikowi wykonywanie dowolnych poleceń z uprawnieniami administratora root poprzez ustawienie pola "destination" w narzędziach do testowania sieci. Jest ona podobna do podatności CVE-2021-28151 . Podatność CVE-2023-49255 umożliwia uzyskanie dostępu do konsoli routera bez uwierzytelnienia. Dostęp do terminala routera jest możliwy za pomocą parametru "data". Użytkownik anonimowy może wykonywać polecenia z uprawnieniami użytkownika aktualnie zalogowanego. Podatność CVE-2023-49256 umożliwia anonimowe pobranie kopii zapasowej pliku konfiguracyjnego i odszyfrowanie haseł używając stałego klucza. Podatność CVE-2023-49257 umożliwia uwierzytelnionemu użytkownikowi dowolnego pliku w formacie CGI używając możliwości przesłania certyfikatu i wykonanie go z uprawnieniami administratora root. Podatność CVE-2023-49258 umożliwia atak typu cross-site scripting (XSS) pod adresem "/gui/terminal_tool.cgi" za pomocą parametru "data". Podatność CVE-2023-49259 umożliwia zgadnięcie ciasteczek z danymi uwierzytelniania, które są generowane przy użyciu słabego algorytmu w oparciu o nazwę użytkownika, stały sekret i czas działania. Podatność CVE-2023-49260 umożliwia zmianę bannera MOTD i wykonanie ataku typu cross-site scripting (XSS). Podatność CVE-2023-49261 umożliwia odczytanie wartości "tokenKey" z kodu źródłowego HTML strony logowania. Podatność CVE-2023-49262 umożliwia ominięcie mechanizmu uwierzytelniania poprzez przekroczenie zakresu wartości pola w ciasteczku "authentication", o ile istnieje aktywna sesja użytkownika. Firma Hongdian usunęła podatności w wersji (build) 2310271149, co zostało potwierdzone przez zgłaszającego.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
< 2310271149
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 12 Jan 2024 · Last source change 3 Jun 2025, 14:04 UTC · CWE-190 · Integer Overflow or Wraparound

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-53264
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2023-49262 · cve.blacktree.nl