BlackTreeIndependent security intelligence
← Back to the CVE catalogue
Full vulnerability report · 2023
CVE-2023-4641High confidence

Shadow-utils: possible password leak during passwd(1) change

Unknown · Unknown

4.7MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
SSA-202008 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 1 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-202008: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Ruggedcom Rox Before V2.17.0
11 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536
  • RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000
Summary
A flaw was found in shadow-utils. When asking for a new password, shadow-utils asks the password twice. If the password fails on the second attempt, shadow-utils fails in cleaning the buffer used to store the first entry. This may allow an attacker with enough access to retrieve the password from the memory.
Remediation
Update to V2.17.0 or later version
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-54493

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

A flaw was found in shadow-utils. When asking for a new password, shadow-utils asks the password twice. If the password fails on the second attempt, shadow-utils fails in cleaning the buffer used to store the first entry. This may allow an attacker with enough access to retrieve the password from the memory.

What

A flaw was found in shadow-utils. When asking for a new password, shadow-utils asks the password twice. If the password fails on the second attempt, shadow-utils fails in cleaning the buffer used to store the first entry. This may allow an attacker with enough access to retrieve the password from the memory.

Why

The requirements for the product dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A flaw was found in shadow-utils. When asking for a new password, shadow-utils asks the password twice. If the password fails on the second attempt, shadow-utils fails in cleaning the buffer used to store the first entry. This may allow an attacker with enough access to retrieve the password from the memory.

Why

The requirements for the product dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-303 ↗

CWE-303: Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm. The requirements for the product dictate the use of an established authentication algorithm, but the implementation of the algorithm is incorrect.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-303
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-2100IBM Power Hardware Management Console: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM Power Hardware Management Console ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu erzeugen und vertrauliche Informationen preiszugeben.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-1307Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Containers: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh Containers ausnutzen, um Dateien zu manipulieren, einen 'Denial of Service'-Zustand erzuegen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder weitere nicht spezifizierte Angriffe durchzuführen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-0869Oracle Communications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Communications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2023-3146IBM MQ Operator and Queue manager: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM MQ Operator and Queue manager ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen, Informationen offenzulegen oder Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2023-2357shadow: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Offenlegung von Informationen

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in shadow ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0218Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ecord?id=CVE-2023-40745 Référence CVE CVE-2023-41175 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41175 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4156 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4156 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42366 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42366 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4527 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4527 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45322 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45322 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45803 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45803 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45853 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45853 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4641 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4641 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47038 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47038 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47039 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47039 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4806 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4813 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4813 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4863 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4911 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4911 Référence CVE CVE-2023-50495 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-50495 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5156 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1057Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ecord?id=CVE-2023-38545 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38546 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38546 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39615 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39615 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40217 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40217 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4039 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4039 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4387 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4387 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45322 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45322 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45853 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45853 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4641 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4641 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4807 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4813 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4813 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48795 Référence CVE CVE-2023-50495 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-50495 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5156 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5156 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52425 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52425 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52426 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52426 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52445 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-202

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0969Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2023-45853 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45913 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45913 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45919 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45919 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45922 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45922 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45931 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45931 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46045 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46045 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46219 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46219 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46246 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46246 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4641 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4641 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47038 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47038 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47039 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47039 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47169 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47169 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47282 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47282 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47471 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47471 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4806 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4807 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4813 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-20

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0864Multiples vulnérabilités dans VMware Tanzu

ord?id=CVE-2023-40217 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4039 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4039 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45285 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45285 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45288 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45288 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45289 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45289 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45290 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45290 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45918 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45918 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4641 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4641 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47038 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47038 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4806 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4807 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4813 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4813 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48795 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5156 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5156 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5363 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5363 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5678 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-567

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0756Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

ord?id=CVE-2023-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4527 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4527 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45288 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45288 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45322 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45322 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45803 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45803 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45853 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45853 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46129 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46129 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46219 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46219 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4641 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4641 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47038 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47038 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47039 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47039 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47100 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47100 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4806 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4807 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4813 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4813 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48795 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4911 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0524Multiples vulnérabilités dans VMware Tanzu

cord?id=CVE-2023-4016 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4039 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4039 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45285 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45285 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45287 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45287 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45288 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45288 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45289 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45289 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45290 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45290 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45853 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45853 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4641 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4641 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4752 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4752 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4807 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48161 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48161 Référence CVE CVE-2023-51792 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-51792 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5363 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5363 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5678 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5678 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5752 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5752 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5870 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-587

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0585Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

cord?id=CVE-2022-2042 Référence CVE CVE-2022-46908 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-46908 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48624 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48624 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28531 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28531 Référence CVE CVE-2023-2953 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2953 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39804 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39804 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46219 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46219 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46246 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46246 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4641 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4641 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4806 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4813 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4813 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48231 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48231 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48232 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48232 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48233 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48233 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48234 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48234 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48235 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48235 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48236 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0382Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Siemens producten

Recent updates address multiple vulnerabilities across various platforms, including Oracle Communications, Red Hat OpenShift, and shadow-utils, affecting user account management and potentially leading to unauthorized access and data leaks.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000; RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1501; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1512; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536; RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000
Fixed
4.14.0-rc1 < *; 2:4.6-19.el8 < *; 2:4.6-17.el8_6 < *; 2:4.6-17.el8_8.2 < *; 2:4.9-8.el9 < *
Action
Update to V2.17.0 or later version
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 27 Dec 2023 · Last source change 3 Nov 2025, 19:28 UTC · CWE-303 · Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-54493
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-54493↗Vendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2023-4641 · cve.blacktree.nl