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Full vulnerability report · 2023
CVE-2023-45648High confidence

Apache Tomcat: Trailer header parsing too lenient

Apache Software Foundation · Apache Tomcat

5.3MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

1 package state
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-appstomcat9Vendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.9.0.70-2ubuntu0.1+esm2Canonical record ↗Source updated 10 Sept 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
SSA-784301 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 1 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-784301: Multiple Vulnerabilities in SINEC NMS Before V3.0
1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • SINEC NMS
Summary
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M11, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.13, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.81 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.93 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A specially crafted, invalid trailer header could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M12 onwards, 10.1.14 onwards, 9.0.81 onwards or 8.5.94 onwards, which fix the issue.
Remediation
Update to V3.0 or later version
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-2799

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M11, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.13, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.81 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.93 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A specially crafted, invalid trailer header could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M12 onwards, 10.1.14 onwards, 9.0.81 onwards or 8.5.94 onwards, which fix the issue.

What

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M11, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.13, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.81 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.93 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A specially crafted, invalid trailer header could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M12 onwards, 10.1.14 onwards, 9.0.81 onwards or 8.5.94 onwards, which fix the issue.

Why

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M11, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.13, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.81 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.93 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A specially crafted, invalid trailer header could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M12 onwards, 10.1.14 onwards, 9.0.81 onwards or 8.5.94 onwards, which fix the issue.

Why

The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Input Validation → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-20 ↗

CWE-20: Improper Input Validation. The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-20
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-1238HPE HP-UX: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein anonymer oder lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in HPE HP-UX Tomcat Servlet Engine ausnutzen, um Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen oder Dateien zu manipulieren.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-0528Dell Data Protection Advisor: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Dell Data Protection Advisor ausnutzen, um beliebigen Code auszuführen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand herbeizuführen, Dateien zu manipulieren, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen, seine Berechtigungen zu erweitern oder einen nicht spezifizierten Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-0107Oracle Communications Applications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Communications Applications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-0106Oracle Communications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Communications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2023-2963Trellix ePolicy Orchestrator: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Trellix ePolicy Orchestrator ausnutzen, um sich administrative Rechte zu verschaffen, um einen Redirect-Angriff auszuführen und um nicht näher spezifizierte Auswirkungen zu erzielen.

Official advisory
BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2023-2628Apache Tomcat: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apache Tomcat ausnutzen, um einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu erzeugen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen oder vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0672Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Siemens

d?id=CVE-2023-34050 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39615 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39615 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42794 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42794 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42795 Référence CVE CVE-2023-43622 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-43622 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44317 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44317 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44320 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44320 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44321 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44321 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45648 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45802 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45802 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4611 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4611 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46120 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46120 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46280 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46280 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46589 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46589 Référence CVE CVE-2023-49692 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-49692 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5180 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5180 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52425 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0305Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ord?id=CVE-2023-38546 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39615 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39615 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4091 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4091 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42465 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42465 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42669 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42669 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42794 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42794 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42795 Référence CVE CVE-2023-43642 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-43642 Référence CVE CVE-2023-43804 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-43804 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45648 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45803 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45803 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45857 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46234 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46234 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46589 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46589 Référence CVE CVE-2023-48795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-48795 Référence CVE CVE-2023-49083 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-49083 Référence CVE CVE-2023-50782 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0145Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

d?id=CVE-2023-43020 Référence CVE CVE-2023-43642 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-43642 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44270 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44270 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44981 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44981 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45133 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45142 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45142 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45178 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45178 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45193 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45193 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45648 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45803 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45803 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45857 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4586 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4586 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46158 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46158 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46167 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46167 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46219 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46219 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46234 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-1062Multiples vulnérabilités dans Juniper Secure Analytics

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Juniper Secure Analytics. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un problème de sécurité non spécifié par l'éditeur, une exécution de code arbitraire à distance et un déni de service à distance.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-1055Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

d?id=CVE-2023-36479 Référence CVE CVE-2023-37920 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-37920 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40167 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40167 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40787 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40787 Référence CVE CVE-2023-41080 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41080 Référence CVE CVE-2023-41835 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41835 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42795 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42795 Référence CVE CVE-2023-43804 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-43804 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45648 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45648 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46589 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46589 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46604 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46604 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47146 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-47146 Gestion détaillée du document le 22 décembre 2023 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité de

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0832Multiples vulnérabilités dans Apache Tomcat

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits Apache Tomcat . Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un contournement de la politique de sécurité, une atteinte à la confidentialité des données et un déni de service à distance.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2024-0332Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Siemens producten

De kwetsbaarheden stellen een kwaadwillende mogelijk in staat aanvallen uit te voeren die kunnen leiden tot de volgende categorieën schade: - Denial-of-Service (DoS) - Manipulatie van gegevens - Omzeilen van een beveiligingsmaatregel - (Remote) code execution (Administrator/Root rechten) - (Remote) code execution (Gebruikersrechten) - Toegang tot systeemgegevens - Spoofing - Verhoogde gebruikersrechten De kwaadwillende heeft hiervoor toegang nodig tot de productieomgeving. Het is goed gebruik een dergelijke omgeving niet publiek toegankelijk te hebben.

Official advisory
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0123Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Database Producten

De kwetsbaarheden stellen ongeauthenticeerde kwaadwillenden in staat om een Denial-of-Service te veroorzaken of om ongeautoriseerde toegang te verkrijgen tot gevoelige gegevens en gegevens te manipuleren. Subcomponenten als de RDBMS Listener, Java VM, en andere componenten zijn specifiek kwetsbaar, met CVSS-scores variërend van 5.3 tot 7.5, wat duidt op een gematigd tot hoog risico.

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
SINEC NMS
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
Update to V3.0 or later version
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 10 Oct 2023 · Last source change 29 Oct 2025, 12:00 UTC · CWE-20 · Improper Input Validation

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-2799
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-2799↗Vendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2023-45648 · cve.blacktree.nl