BlackTreeIndependent security intelligence

Full vulnerability report · 2023

CVE-2023-4015High confidence

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component

Linux · Kernel

7.8HighCVSS 3.1

Recommended action

Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available

Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

1 package state

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu release	Source package	Vendor state	Fixed version	Evidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive	`linux-raspi-realtime`	Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.	`Not published in this feed`	Canonical record ↗Source updated 9 Sept 2026

Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

2 current

SSA-794697 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 9 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-794697: Vulnerabilities in the additional GNU/Linux subsystem of the SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP before V1.1

1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem

Summary: The netfilter subsystem in the Linux kernel did not properly handle bound chain deactivation in certain circumstances. A local attacker could possibly use this to cause a denial of service (system crash) or execute arbitrary code.
Remediation: Update to V1.1 or later version

SSA-831302 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 5 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-831302: Vulnerabilities in the BIOS of the SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP before V1.3.0

1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - BIOS

Summary: The netfilter subsystem in the Linux kernel did not properly handle bound chain deactivation in certain circumstances. A local attacker could possibly use this to cause a denial of service (system crash) or execute arbitrary code.
Remediation: Update to V1.3.0 or later version

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current

ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-53908

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state: Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation: Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score: Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence: No linked advisory details stored yet

Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available

What, why and how

A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component can be exploited to achieve local privilege escalation. On an error when building a nftables rule, deactivating immediate expressions in nft_immediate_deactivate() can lead unbinding the chain and objects be deactivated but later used. We recommend upgrading past commit 0a771f7b266b02d262900c75f1e175c7fe76fec2.

What

Why

The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may gain additional privileges.

What

Why

The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may gain additional privileges.

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material

Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.

None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path: local access → Use After Free → gain additional privileges
Attack surface: Local
Privileges required: Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction: None
Attack complexity: Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary: Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness ? CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.: CWE-416 ↗
CWE-416: Use After Free. The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.
CVSS vector ? CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land: The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.

Privilege escalationCWE-416

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-53908Official EUVD mapping

0 linked advisory records.

Official EUVD record

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2023-2217Linux Kernel: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen im Linux Kernel ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode mit Administratorrechten auszuführen oder einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen.

Official advisory

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0775Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

rg/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3611 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3776 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3776 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3777 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3777 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38426 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38426 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38428 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38428 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38429 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38429 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3863 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3995 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3995 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4004 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4004 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4015 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4015 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40283 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40283 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4128 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4128 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4194 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4194 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4273 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4385 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4385 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4387 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4387 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4459 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4459 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4569 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4569

Official advisory

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0752Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de Debian

ve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2898 Référence CVE CVE-2023-34319 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-34319 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3611 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3611 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3772 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3772 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3773 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3773 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3776 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3776 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3777 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3777 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3863 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4004 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4004 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4015 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4015 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40283 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40283 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4128 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4128 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4132 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4132 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4147 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4147 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4155 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4155 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4194 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4194 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4206 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4206 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4207 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4207

Official advisory

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0726Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

rg/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3610 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3611 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3611 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3776 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3776 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3777 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3777 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38426 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38426 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38428 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38428 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38429 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38429 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3995 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3995 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4004 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4004 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4015 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4015 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40283 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40283 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4128 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4128 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4155 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4155 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4194 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4194 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4273 Gestion détaillée du document le 08 septembre 2023 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr fr

Official advisory

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0704Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

e.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-35828 Référence CVE CVE-2023-35829 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-35829 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3609 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3609 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3610 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3610 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3611 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3611 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3776 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3776 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3777 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3777 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3995 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3995 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4004 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4004 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4015 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4015 Gestion détaillée du document le 01 septembre 2023 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status ? Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.: Patch available
Affected: SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem
Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action: Update to V1.1 or later version
Workaround: No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.

Evidence and provenance

Published 6 Sept 2023 · Last source change 13 Feb 2025, 17:03 UTC · CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1

CVSS sourceCNA

EPSS source

The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.

FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14

European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-53908

Product sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT

Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT

CWE sourceCNA

NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

2023-09-06CVE published

2025-02-13Fixed release or patch reference recorded

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-53908↗Vendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Patch or update reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗

Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report

CVE: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS: Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS: Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE: Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA: CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD: National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT: A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC: Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF: Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL: Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's netfilter: nf_tables component

National CERT insights ?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

EUVD-2023-53908

What, why and how

Exploit reality and attack path

Official authority intelligence

Patch and workaround

Evidence and provenance

National CERT insights
?
CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.