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Full vulnerability report · 2023
CVE-2023-39320High confidence

Arbitrary code execution via go.mod toolchain directive in cmd/go

Go toolchain · cmd/go

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-43052

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

The go.mod toolchain directive, introduced in Go 1.21, can be leveraged to execute scripts and binaries relative to the root of the module when the "go" command was executed within the module. This applies to modules downloaded using the "go" command from the module proxy, as well as modules downloaded directly using VCS software.

What

The go.mod toolchain directive, introduced in Go 1.21, can be leveraged to execute scripts and binaries relative to the root of the module when the "go" command was executed within the module. This applies to modules downloaded using the "go" command from the module proxy, as well as modules downloaded directly using VCS software.

Why

Untrusted data can cross into a code-evaluation path and be interpreted as executable instructions.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

The go.mod toolchain directive, introduced in Go 1.21, can be leveraged to execute scripts and binaries relative to the root of the module when the "go" command was executed within the module. This applies to modules downloaded using the "go" command from the module proxy, as well as modules downloaded directly using VCS software.

Why

Untrusted data can cross into a code-evaluation path and be interpreted as executable instructions.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-94

CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'). The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-94
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2023-2280Golang Go: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Golang Go ausnutzen, um einen Cross-Site Scripting Angriff durchzuführen, Code auszuführen oder einen Denial of Service zu verursachen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0283Multiples vulnérabilités dans VMware Tanzu Greenplum

sories/0/25580 Bulletin de sécurité VMware 25581 du 07 avril 2025 https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/25581 Référence CVE CVE-2018-1282 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-1282 Référence CVE CVE-2022-42967 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-42967 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3792 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3792 Référence CVE CVE-2023-37920 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-37920 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39318 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39318 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39319 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39319 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39320 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39320 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39321 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39321 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39322 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39322 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39323 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39323 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39326 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39326 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45283 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45283 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45284 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0878Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Splunk

ord?id=CVE-2020-36230 Référence CVE CVE-2021-27212 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-27212 Référence CVE CVE-2022-29155 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-29155 Référence CVE CVE-2022-42969 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-42969 Référence CVE CVE-2023-26125 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-26125 Référence CVE CVE-2023-29401 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-29401 Référence CVE CVE-2023-2953 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2953 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39318 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39318 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39319 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39319 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39320 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39320 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39321 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39321 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39322 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39322 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39323 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39323 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39326 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39326 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3978 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3978 Référence CVE CVE-2023-43804 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-43804 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0646Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ord?id=CVE-2022-48627 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48669 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48669 Référence CVE CVE-2023-29400 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-29400 Référence CVE CVE-2023-29406 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-29406 Référence CVE CVE-2023-29409 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-29409 Référence CVE CVE-2023-2953 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2953 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38264 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38264 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39318 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39318 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39319 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39319 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39320 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39320 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39321 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39321 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39322 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39322 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39323 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39323 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39326 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39326 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42282 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42282 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45283 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45283 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45284 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
1.21.0-0 < 1.21.1
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 8 Sept 2023 · Last source change 13 Feb 2025, 17:02 UTC · CWE-94 · Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-43052
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2023-39320 · cve.blacktree.nl