BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
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Full vulnerability report · 2023
CVE-2023-38325High confidence

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options

Unknown · Unknown

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 30 Oct 2024

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.73% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Alpine, Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

7 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Alpine v3.23v3.23 · mainpy3-cryptographyVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.41.0.2-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.22v3.22 · communitypy3-cryptographyVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.41.0.2-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 11 Sep 2026
Alpine v3.21v3.21 · communitypy3-cryptographyVendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.41.0.2-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 19 Aug 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourcepython-cryptographyNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcepython-cryptographyNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcepython-cryptographyNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcepython-cryptographyNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-0059

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

What

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Why

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Why

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Certificate Validation → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-295 ↗

CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation. The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-295Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2024-1696SolarWinds Platform: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in SolarWinds Platform ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu erzeugen, Daten zu manipulieren und vertrauliche Informationen preiszugeben.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2024-0106Oracle Communications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Communications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20230719Security Bulletin 19 Jul 2023

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 19 Jul 2023, published on 19 July 2023. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0309Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

g/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-36280 Référence CVE CVE-2023-0286 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-0286 Référence CVE CVE-2023-1076 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-1076 Référence CVE CVE-2023-1409 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-1409 Référence CVE CVE-2023-23931 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23931 Référence CVE CVE-2023-23934 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23934 Référence CVE CVE-2023-25577 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-25577 Référence CVE CVE-2023-2650 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2650 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3446 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3446 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3961 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3961 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4091 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4091 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42669 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42669 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46136 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46136 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4807 Référence CVE CVE-2023-49083 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-49083 Référence CVE CVE-2023-50782 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-50782 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-20

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0135Multiples vulnérabilités dans IBM QRadar Deployment Intelligence App

ord?id=CVE-2018-20060 Référence CVE CVE-2019-11236 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-11236 Référence CVE CVE-2019-20916 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-20916 Référence CVE CVE-2020-25659 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-25659 Référence CVE CVE-2020-36242 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-36242 Référence CVE CVE-2021-33503 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-33503 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3572 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3572 Référence CVE CVE-2022-40897 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-40897 Référence CVE CVE-2023-23931 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23931 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-43804 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-43804 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45803 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45803 Référence CVE CVE-2023-5752 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-5752 Référence CVE CVE-2024-35195 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-35195 Référence CVE CVE-2024-3651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-3651 Référence CVE CVE-2024-37891 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-37891 Référence CVE CVE-2024-42459 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-42459 Référence CVE CVE-2024-42460 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-1103Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ERecord?id=CVE-2023-32067 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32681 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3316 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3316 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3446 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3446 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3576 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3576 Référence CVE CVE-2023-37536 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-37536 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38264 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38264 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38288 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38288 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38289 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38289 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40217 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40217 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40745 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40745 Référence CVE CVE-2023-41175 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41175 Référence CVE CVE-2023-41334 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41334 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4421 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4421 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4759 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4759 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4806 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-202

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0958Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ecord?id=CVE-2023-28487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28708 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28708 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28746 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28746 Référence CVE CVE-2023-2953 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-2953 Référence CVE CVE-2023-31356 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-31356 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3446 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3446 Référence CVE CVE-2023-36328 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-36328 Référence CVE CVE-2023-36632 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-36632 Référence CVE CVE-2023-37920 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-37920 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38546 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38546 Référence CVE CVE-2023-39325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-39325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-42465 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42465 Référence CVE CVE-2023-44487 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-44487 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45284 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45284 Référence CVE CVE-2023-45288 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-45288 Référence CVE CVE-2023-46218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-46218 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4692 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=C

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0385Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-33952 Référence CVE CVE-2023-34241 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-34241 Référence CVE CVE-2023-35823 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-35823 Référence CVE CVE-2023-35824 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-35824 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3609 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3609 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3611 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3611 Référence CVE CVE-2023-36478 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-36478 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3772 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3772 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3812 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3812 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38546 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38546 Référence CVE CVE-2023-40283 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-40283 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4128 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4128 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4132 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4132 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4155 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4155 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4206 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4206 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4207 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-4207 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4208 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-42

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0145Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ERecord?id=CVE-2023-34062 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3446 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3446 Référence CVE CVE-2023-34462 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-34462 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3611 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3611 Référence CVE CVE-2023-36665 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-36665 Référence CVE CVE-2023-37276 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-37276 Référence CVE CVE-2023-3776 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-3776 Référence CVE CVE-2023-37920 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-37920 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38003 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38003 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38325 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38325 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38545 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38545 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38546 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38546 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38552 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38552 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38719 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38719 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38720 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38720 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38727 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38727 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38728 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38728 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38740 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0860Multiples vulnérabilités dans Oracle Database Server

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Oracle Database Server. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un déni de service à distance, une atteinte à l'intégrité des données et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2023-023351cryptography project の Python 用 cryptography における証明書検証に関する脆弱性

cryptography project の Python 用 cryptography には、証明書検証に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
n/a
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 14 Jul 2023 · Last source change 30 Oct 2024, 16:00 UTC · CWE-295 · Improper Certificate Validation

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-0059
Product sourceUnavailable
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-0059↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗Public exploit reference↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2023-38325 · cve.blacktree.nl