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Full vulnerability report · 2023
CVE-2023-28241High confidence

Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Denial of Service Vulnerability

Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 1809

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 1.99% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-31949

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Denial of Service Vulnerability

What

Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Denial of Service Vulnerability

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) Denial of Service Vulnerability

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → vulnerable operation → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration.
CWE not yet assigned
CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedDenial of service
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-0944Microsoft Windows: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Microsoft Windows und Microsoft Windows Server ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen, einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen, Sicherheitsmechanismen zu umgehen, seine Privilegien zu erweitern und um beliebigen Code auszuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20230412Security Bulletin 12 Apr 2023

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 12 Apr 2023, published on 12 April 2023. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0306Multiples vulnérabilités dans Microsoft Windows

8235 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28235 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28236 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28236 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28237 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28237 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28238 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28238 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28240 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28240 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28241 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28241 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28243 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28243 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28244 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28244 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28246 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28246 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-2023-28247 du 11 avril 2023 https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28247 Bulletin de sécurité Microsoft CVE-

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2023-001610複数の Microsoft Windows 製品におけるサービス運用妨害 (DoS) の脆弱性

Microsoft Windows 10、Windows 11、Windows Server には、Windows Secure Socket トンネリングプロトコル (SSTP) に不備があるため、サービス運用妨害 (DoS) の脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-5904MS 4월 보안 위협에 따른 정기 보안 업데이트 권고

라이버 권한 상승 취약성 | | Windows PGM | CVE-2023-28250 | Windows PGM(Pragmatic General Multicast) 원격 코드 실행 취약성 | | Windows Boot Manager | CVE-2023-28249 | Windows 부팅 관리자 보안 기능 우회 취약성 | | Windows Kernel | CVE-2023-28248 | Windows 커널 권한 상승 취약성 | | Windows Network File System | CVE-2023-28247 | Windows Network File System Information Disclosure Vulnerability | | Windows Registry | CVE-2023-28246 | Windows 레지스트리 권한 상승 취약성 | | Windows Kerberos | CVE-2023-28244 | Windows Kerberos 권한 상승 취약성 | | Microsoft PostScript Printer Driver | CVE-2023-28243 | Microsoft PostScript 및 PCL6 Class 프린터 드라이버 원격 코드 실행 취약성 | | Windows Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) | CVE-2023-28241 | Windows SSTP(Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol) 서비스 거부 취약성 | | Windows Network Load Balancing | CVE-2023-28240 | Windows 네트워크 부하 분산 원격 코드 실행 취약성 | | Windows Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Protocol | CVE-2023-28238 | Windows IKE(Internet Key Exchange) 프로토콜 확장 원격 코드 실행 취약성 | | Windows Kernel | CVE-2023-28237 | Windows 커널 원격 코드 실행 취약성 | | Windows ALPC | CVE-2023-28236 | Windows 커널 권한 상승 취약성 | | Windows Lock Screen | CVE-2023-28235 | Windows 잠금 화면 보안 기능 우회 취약성 | | Windows Transport Security Layer (TLS) | CVE-2023-28234 | Windows 보안 채널 서비스 거부 취약성 | | Windows Secure Channel | CVE-2023-28233 | Windows 보안 채널 서비스 거부 취약성 | | Windows Point-to-Point Tunne

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 11 Apr 2023 · Last source change 23 Jan 2025, 01:05 UTC · CWE not yet assigned

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-31949
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceUnavailable
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: CWE classification. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-31949↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2023-28241 · cve.blacktree.nl