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Full vulnerability report · 2023
CVE-2023-28204High confidence

Apple Multiple Products WebKit Out-of-Bounds Read Vulnerability

Apple · Multiple Products

6.5MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2023-06-12 as the remediation due date. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Critical, raised 2 bands.upgradedsince 22 May 2023

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • EPSS is 14.29% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Apply the linked authoritative mitigation while planning the permanent fix.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Apple Multiple Products and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

9 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 1 affected package state shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.40.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourcewpewebkitVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.40.2-2Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.40.2-1~deb12u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcewpewebkitAffected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open.Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.40.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcewpewebkitVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.40.2-2Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcewebkit2gtkVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.40.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcewpewebkitVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.40.2-2Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archiveqtwebkit-opensource-srcUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-31912

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 15.7.6 and iPadOS 15.7.6, Safari 16.5, iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5. Processing web content may disclose sensitive information. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 22 May 2023. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
6.5 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
10 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2023:3432Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2023:3433Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2025:10364Red Hat Security Advisory: webkitgtk4 security update
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2023:2606-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2023:3300-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2023:2607-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2023:2647-1Security update for webkit2gtk3
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2023-06-12 as the remediation due date. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Safari WebKit contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that may disclose sensitive information when processing maliciously crafted web content. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing.

What

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Safari WebKit contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that may disclose sensitive information when processing maliciously crafted web content. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing.

Why

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may obtain information outside the intended access boundary.

What

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Safari WebKit contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that may disclose sensitive information when processing maliciously crafted web content. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing.

Why

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may obtain information outside the intended access boundary.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2023-05-22.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Out-of-bounds Read → obtain information outside the intended access boundary
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Required interaction required
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-125 ↗

CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read. The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-125CISA KEV
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-31912Known-exploited evidence recorded

An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 15.7.6 and iPadOS 15.7.6, Safari 16.5, iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5. Processing web content may disclose sensitive information. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1251Apple macOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple macOS ausnutzen, um Administratorrechte zu erlangen, beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, seine Privilegien zu erweitern, Informationen offenzulegen, Dateien zu manipulieren, einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen oder Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1252Apple iOS/iPadOS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple iOS und Apple iPadOS ausnutzen, um Administratorrechte zu erlangen, beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, seine Privilegien zu erweitern, Informationen offenzulegen, Dateien zu manipulieren, einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen oder Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1246Apple Safari: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apple Safari ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, Informationen offenzulegen oder Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20230628Security Bulletin 28 Jun 2023

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 28 Jun 2023, published on 28 June 2023. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0390Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

.com/en-us/HT213765 Référence CVE CVE-2023-23532 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23532 Référence CVE CVE-2023-23535 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23535 Référence CVE CVE-2023-27930 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-27930 Référence CVE CVE-2023-27940 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-27940 Référence CVE CVE-2023-27945 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-27945 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28181 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28181 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28191 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28191 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28202 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28202 Référence CVE CVE-2023-28204 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28204 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32352 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32352 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32354 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32354 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32355 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32355 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32357 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32357 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32360 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32360 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32363 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32363 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32365 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-32365 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32367 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2023-023718複数のアップル製品における境界外読み取りに関する脆弱性

Safari、iPadOS、iOS 等複数のアップル製品には、境界外読み取りに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-5924현재 악용되고 있는 Exploit(Update. 2023-05-22)

Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Safari WebKit contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that may disclose sensitive information.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 23 Jun 2023 · Last source change 21 Oct 2025, 23:05 UTC · CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-31912
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: removed remediation: knvd.krcert.or.kr/detail?id=646bdc6a6278219abfaeedf5.
    Before
    remediation: knvd.krcert.or.kr/detail?id=646bdc6a6278219abfaeedf5 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/HT213757 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/HT213758 · 4 more references
    After
    vendor advisory: support.apple.com/HT213757 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/HT213758 · vendor advisory: support.apple.com/HT213761 · 3 more references
    support.apple.com ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Mitigation available to Awaiting fix.
    Before
    Mitigation available
    After
    Awaiting fix
    support.apple.com ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    unspecified < 13.4; unspecified < 16.5; unspecified < 9.5; unspecified < 15.7 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    macOS: unspecified < 13.4; Safari: unspecified < 16.5; watchOS: unspecified < 9.5; iOS and iPadOS: unspecified < 15.7, unspecified < 16.5; tvOS: unspecified < 16.5 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    CNA ↗
  4. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Mitigation available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Mitigation available
    KISA KrCERT/CC ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Remediation guidance recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-31912↗KISA KrCERT/CC remediation guidance↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2023-28204 · cve.blacktree.nl