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Full vulnerability report · 2023
CVE-2023-2431High confidence

Bypass of seccomp profile enforcement

Kubernetes · Kubernetes

3.4LowCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

Low technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityLowOperational priority:Low, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
  • EPSS is 0.26% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Kubernetes Kubernetes and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: No default targetRemediation target: Normal maintenance

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

4 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcekubernetesVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.20.5+really1.20.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcekubernetesVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.20.5+really1.20.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcekubernetesVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.20.5+really1.20.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcekubernetesVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.20.5+really1.20.2-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Open-source package ranges4 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
gok8s.io/kubernetes< 1.24.141.24.14GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 12 Dec 2024
gok8s.io/kubernetes>= 1.25.0, < 1.25.101.25.10GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 12 Dec 2024
gok8s.io/kubernetes>= 1.26.0, < 1.26.51.26.5GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 12 Dec 2024
gok8s.io/kubernetes>= 1.27.0, < 1.27.21.27.2GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 12 Dec 2024
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2023-2431 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitykubernetes: Bypass of seccomp profile enforcement
13 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • oadp/oadp-velero-plugin-for-microsoft-azure-rhel9 as a component of OpenShift API for Data Protection
  • io.fabric8:kubernetes-model as a component of OpenShift Serverless
  • advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
  • advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-scanner-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3
  • advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4
  • kubernetes.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
  • ocs4/cephcsi-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4
  • ocs4/mcg-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4
  • ocs4/ocs-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4
  • odf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4
  • openshift-gitops-1/argo-rollouts-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift GitOps
  • openshift-gitops-1/gitops-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift GitOps
Summary
A flaw was found in Kubernetes. This issue occurs when Kubernetes allows a local authenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions, caused by a flaw when using the localhost type for a seccomp profile but specifying an empty profile field. An attacker can bypass the seccomp profile enforcement by sending a specially crafted request.
Remediation
For Windows Machine Config Operator upgrades, see the following documentation: https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/windows_containers/windows-node-upgrades.html
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2023-1914

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Low technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

A security issue was discovered in Kubelet that allows pods to bypass the seccomp profile enforcement. Pods that use localhost type for seccomp profile but specify an empty profile field, are affected by this issue. In this scenario, this vulnerability allows the pod to run in unconfined (seccomp disabled) mode. This bug affects Kubelet.

What

A security issue was discovered in Kubelet that allows pods to bypass the seccomp profile enforcement. Pods that use localhost type for seccomp profile but specify an empty profile field, are affected by this issue. In this scenario, this vulnerability allows the pod to run in unconfined (seccomp disabled) mode. This bug affects Kubelet.

Why

The product receives input that is expected to be of a certain type, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input is actually of the expected type.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

A security issue was discovered in Kubelet that allows pods to bypass the seccomp profile enforcement. Pods that use localhost type for seccomp profile but specify an empty profile field, are affected by this issue. In this scenario, this vulnerability allows the pod to run in unconfined (seccomp disabled) mode. This bug affects Kubelet.

Why

The product receives input that is expected to be of a certain type, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input is actually of the expected type.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with elevated privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

CISA Vulnrichment records proof-of-concept exploitation in its SSVC data. BlackTree has not independently executed or validated exploit material.

Likely attack path
local access → Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
High: elevated access is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-1287 ↗

CWE-1287: Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input. The product receives input that is expected to be of a certain type, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input is actually of the expected type.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRHighPrivileges required: The attacker needs elevated or administrative privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CLowConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ILowIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-1287Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1488Kubernetes: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Umgehen von Sicherheitsvorkehrungen

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Kubernetes ausnutzen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20230621Security Bulletin 21 Jun 2023

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 21 Jun 2023, published on 21 June 2023. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2023-012360Kubernetes の Kubernetes 等複数ベンダの製品における脆弱性

Kubernetes の Kubernetes 等複数ベンダの製品には、不特定の脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
openshift4-wincw/windows-machine-config-rhel9-operator@sha256:6238c841ed9684453ac6167a666269e16175d724fd3a7c34b230dbf7244932de_amd64 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13
Action
For Windows Machine Config Operator upgrades, see the following documentation: https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/windows_containers/windows-node-upgrades.html
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 16 Jun 2023 · Last source change 13 Feb 2025, 16:44 UTC · CWE-1287 · Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-1914
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < v1.24.14; v1.25.0 < v1.25.9; v1.26.0 < v1.26.4; v1.27.0 < v1.27.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    < v1.24.14; v1.25.0 < v1.25.9; v1.26.0 < v1.26.4; v1.27.0 < v1.27.1 · Fixed: For Windows Machine Config Operator upgrades, see the following documentation: https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/latest/windows_containers/windows-node-upgrades.html
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    oadp/oadp-velero-plugin-for-microsoft-azure-rhel8 as a component of OpenShift API for Data Protection; io.fabric8:kubernetes-model as a component of OpenShift Serverless; advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3; advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-scanner-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3; advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4; kubernetes.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; ocs4/cephcsi-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4; ocs4/mcg-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4; ocs4/ocs-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4; odf4/odf-multicluster-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4; openshift-gitops-1/argo-rollouts-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift GitOps; openshift-gitops-1/gitops-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift GitOps; rhosp-rhel8/osp-director-agent as a component of Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2 · Fixed: openshift4-wincw/windows-machine-config-rhel9-operator@sha256:6238c841ed9684453ac6167a666269e16175d724fd3a7c34b230dbf7244932de_amd64 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13
    After
    oadp/oadp-velero-plugin-for-microsoft-azure-rhel9 as a component of OpenShift API for Data Protection; io.fabric8:kubernetes-model as a component of OpenShift Serverless; advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3; advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-scanner-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 3; advanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4; kubernetes.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; ocs4/cephcsi-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4; ocs4/mcg-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4; ocs4/ocs-rhel8-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Container Storage 4; odf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator as a component of Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4; openshift-gitops-1/argo-rollouts-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift GitOps; openshift-gitops-1/gitops-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift GitOps; rhosp-rhel8/osp-director-agent as a component of Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2 · Fixed: openshift4-wincw/windows-machine-config-rhel9-operator@sha256:6238c841ed9684453ac6167a666269e16175d724fd3a7c34b230dbf7244932de_amd64 as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2023-1914↗Red Hat Product Security security advisory↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2023-2431 · cve.blacktree.nl