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Full vulnerability report · 2024
CVE-2022-48863High confidence

mISDN: Fix memory leak in dsp_pipeline_build()

Linux · Linux

5.5MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Scheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
Distribution package intelligence

Ubuntu vendor package status

Canonical’s release and source-package findings are shown separately from local repository availability.

1 package state
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Ubuntu releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-raspi-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical record ↗Source updated 10 Sept 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2022-53742

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionScheduled

Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mISDN: Fix memory leak in dsp_pipeline_build() dsp_pipeline_build() allocates dup pointer by kstrdup(cfg), but then it updates dup variable by strsep(&dup, "|"). As a result when it calls kfree(dup), the dup variable contains NULL. Found by Linux Driver Verification project (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.

What

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mISDN: Fix memory leak in dsp_pipeline_build() dsp_pipeline_build() allocates dup pointer by kstrdup(cfg), but then it updates dup variable by strsep(&dup, "|"). As a result when it calls kfree(dup), the dup variable contains NULL. Found by Linux Driver Verification project (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.

Why

The product does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, making the memory unavailable for reallocation and reuse.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mISDN: Fix memory leak in dsp_pipeline_build() dsp_pipeline_build() allocates dup pointer by kstrdup(cfg), but then it updates dup variable by strsep(&dup, "|"). As a result when it calls kfree(dup), the dup variable contains NULL. Found by Linux Driver Verification project (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.

Why

The product does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, making the memory unavailable for reallocation and reuse.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-401

CWE-401: Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime. The product does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, making the memory unavailable for reallocation and reuse.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-401
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-W-2024-1625Linux Kernel: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen nicht spezifizierten Angriff

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen im Linux Kernel ausnutzen, um einen nicht näher spezifizierten Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1057Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

d?id=CVE-2022-48837 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48839 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48839 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48840 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48840 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48843 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48843 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48848 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48848 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48850 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48850 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48853 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48853 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48858 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48858 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48861 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48861 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48863 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48864 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48864 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48865 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48865 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48866 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48866 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48875 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48875 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48876 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48876 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48879 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48879 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48883 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48883 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48886 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-1013Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

du 20 novembre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7123-1 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7120-3 du 21 novembre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7120-3 Référence CVE CVE-2021-47188 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47188 Référence CVE CVE-2021-47212 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47212 Référence CVE CVE-2022-36402 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-36402 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48666 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48666 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48733 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48733 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48791 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48791 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48863 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48938 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48938 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48943 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48943 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52434 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52502 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52502 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52531 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52531 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52572 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52572 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52578 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52578 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52599 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0906Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

7 octobre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7028-2 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7069-2 du 17 octobre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7069-2 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7073-2 du 17 octobre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7073-2 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7074-1 du 17 octobre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7074-1 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7076-1 du 17 octobre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7076-1 Référence CVE CVE-2021-47188 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47188 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48791 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48791 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48863 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52510 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52510 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52527 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52527 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52528 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52528 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52809 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52809 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26602 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26602 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26641 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26641 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26651 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26677 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0871Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un problème de sécurité non spécifié par l'éditeur.

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0838Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

ment de la politique de sécurité. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7003-5 du 01 octobre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7003-5 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7022-2 du 01 octobre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7022-2 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7021-4 du 03 octobre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7021-4 Référence CVE CVE-2021-47188 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47188 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48791 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48791 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48863 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52803 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52803 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52887 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52887 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26677 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26677 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26787 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26787 Référence CVE CVE-2024-27012 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-27012 Référence CVE CVE-2024-36894 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-36894 Référence CVE CVE-2024-36974 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-36974 Référence CVE CVE-2024-36978 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0823Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

d?id=CVE-2021-47181 Référence CVE CVE-2021-47188 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47188 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48772 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48772 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48791 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48791 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48836 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48836 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48838 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48838 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48850 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48850 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48851 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48851 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48857 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48863 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52527 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52527 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52803 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52803 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52809 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52809 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52884 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52884 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52887 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52887 Référence CVE CVE-2024-23848 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-23848 Référence CVE CVE-2024-25741 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-25741 Référence CVE CVE-2024-26651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0799Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

untu.com/security/notices/USN-7020-1 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7021-1 du 18 septembre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7021-1 Bulletin de sécurité Ubuntu USN-7022-1 du 18 septembre 2024 https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7022-1 Référence CVE CVE-2021-47188 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47188 Référence CVE CVE-2022-38096 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-38096 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48772 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48772 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48791 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48791 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48808 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48808 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48863 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52488 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52488 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52585 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52585 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52629 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52629 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52699 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52699 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52752 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52752 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52760 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52760 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52880 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-52880 Référence CVE CVE-2023-52882 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0717Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2022-48853 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48855 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48855 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48856 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48856 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48857 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48858 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48858 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48859 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48859 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48860 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48860 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48861 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48861 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48862 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48862 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48863 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48864 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48864 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48866 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48866 Référence CVE CVE-2023-0160 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-0160 Référence CVE CVE-2023-1582 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-1582 Référence CVE CVE-2023-31315 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-31315 Référence CVE CVE-2023-37453 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-37453 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38417 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38417 Référence CVE CVE-2023-47210 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-

Official advisory
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0693Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

d?id=CVE-2022-48853 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48855 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48855 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48856 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48856 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48857 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48858 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48858 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48859 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48859 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48860 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48860 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48861 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48861 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48862 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48862 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48863 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48863 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48864 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48864 Référence CVE CVE-2022-48866 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-48866 Référence CVE CVE-2023-1582 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-1582 Référence CVE CVE-2023-24023 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-24023 Référence CVE CVE-2023-31315 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-31315 Référence CVE CVE-2023-37453 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-37453 Référence CVE CVE-2023-38417 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-38417 Référence CVE CVE-2023-4244 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
960366cf8dbb3359afaca30cf7fdbf69a6d6dda7 < a3d5fcc6cf2ecbba5a269631092570aa285a24cb; 960366cf8dbb3359afaca30cf7fdbf69a6d6dda7 < 7777b1f795af1bb43867375d8a776080111aae1b; 960366cf8dbb3359afaca30cf7fdbf69a6d6dda7 < 640445d6fc059d4514ffea79eb4196299e0e2d0f; 960366cf8dbb3359afaca30cf7fdbf69a6d6dda7 < c6a502c2299941c8326d029cfc8a3bc8a4607ad5; 2.6.27
Fixed
< 2.6.27; 5.10.106 ≤ 5.10.*; 5.15.29 ≤ 5.15.*; 5.16.15 ≤ 5.16.*; 5.17 ≤ *
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 16 Jul 2024 · Last source change 11 May 2026, 18:48 UTC · CWE-401 · Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-53742
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates →

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2022-48863 · cve.blacktree.nl