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Full vulnerability report · 2022
CVE-2022-45047High confidence

Apache MINA SSHD: Java unsafe deserialization vulnerability

Apache Software Foundation · Apache MINA SSHD

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 3.79% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Apache Software Foundation Apache MINA SSHD and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

3 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcelibmina-sshd-javaNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcelibmina-sshd-javaNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcelibmina-sshd-javaNot affectedDebian marks this release not affected (fixed-version marker 0).Not published in this feedDebian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2022-45047 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitymina-sshd: Java unsafe deserialization vulnerability
13 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • mina-sshd.src as a component of Migration Toolkit for Applications 6
  • mina-sshd.src as a component of Migration Toolkit for Runtimes
  • sshd-common as a component of Red Hat Fuse 7
  • sshd-common as a component of Red Hat Integration Camel Quarkus 1
  • mina-sshd as a component of Red Hat JBoss Data Grid 7
  • keycloak-adapter-sso7_5-eap6 as a component of Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6
  • sshd-common as a component of Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6
  • mina-sshd as a component of Red Hat JBoss Fuse 6
  • mina-sshd as a component of Red Hat JBoss Fuse Service Works 6
  • jenkins-2-plugins as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 3.11
  • jenkins-2-plugins.src as a component of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 3.11
  • opendaylight as a component of Red Hat OpenStack Platform 13 (Queens)
Summary
A flaw was found in Apache MINA SSHD, when using Java deserialization to load a serialized java.security.PrivateKey. An attacker could benefit from unsafe deserialization by inserting unsecured data that may affect the application or server.
Remediation
Before applying this update, ensure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. Also, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2022-7328

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Class org.apache.sshd.server.keyprovider.SimpleGeneratorHostKeyProvider in Apache MINA SSHD <= 2.9.1 uses Java deserialization to load a serialized java.security.PrivateKey. The class is one of several implementations that an implementor using Apache MINA SSHD can choose for loading the host keys of an SSH server.

What

Class org.apache.sshd.server.keyprovider.SimpleGeneratorHostKeyProvider in Apache MINA SSHD <= 2.9.1 uses Java deserialization to load a serialized java.security.PrivateKey. The class is one of several implementations that an implementor using Apache MINA SSHD can choose for loading the host keys of an SSH server.

Why

Attacker-influenced serialised data is reconstructed as trusted objects, which can invoke dangerous application behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Class org.apache.sshd.server.keyprovider.SimpleGeneratorHostKeyProvider in Apache MINA SSHD <= 2.9.1 uses Java deserialization to load a serialized java.security.PrivateKey. The class is one of several implementations that an implementor using Apache MINA SSHD can choose for loading the host keys of an SSH server.

Why

Attacker-influenced serialised data is reconstructed as trusted objects, which can invoke dangerous application behaviour.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

CISA Vulnrichment records proof-of-concept exploitation in its SSVC data. BlackTree has not independently executed or validated exploit material.

Likely attack path
a network path → Deserialization of Untrusted Data → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-502 ↗

CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data. The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-502Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-0132Oracle Fusion Middleware: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Fusion Middleware ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2026-1203Oracle Fusion Middleware: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Fusion Middleware ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-0820Oracle Enterprise Manager: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Enterprise Manager ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1807Oracle Fusion Middleware: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer aus dem angrenzenden Netzwerk oder ein entfernter anonymer, authentisierter oder lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Fusion Middleware ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1808Oracle Financial Services Applications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Financial Services Applications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1016Oracle Fusion Middleware: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Fusion Middleware ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1021Oracle Communications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Communications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1032Oracle PeopleSoft: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle PeopleSoft ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-1031Oracle Retail Applications: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer oder authentisierter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Retail Applications ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-0972IBM Spectrum Scale: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Codeausführung

Ein entfernter, authentisierter Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in IBM Spectrum Scale ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-0239Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, ein Cross-Site-Scritping-Angriff durchzuführen, Informationen offenzulegen, einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen oder Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-0121Oracle Support Tools: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Oracle Support Tools ausnutzen, um die Vertraulichkeit, Integrität und Verfügbarkeit zu gefährden.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2022-2302Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen und Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-2518Red Hat JBoss Data Grid: Mehre Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter anonymer Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Red Hat JBoss Data Grid ausnutzen, um einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu erzeugen oder vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20221123Security Bulletin 23 Nov 2022

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 23 Nov 2022, published on 23 November 2022. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0249Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

g/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-29458 Référence CVE CVE-2022-3171 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-3171 Référence CVE CVE-2022-32743 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-32743 Référence CVE CVE-2022-3509 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-3509 Référence CVE CVE-2022-3510 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-3510 Référence CVE CVE-2022-40609 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-40609 Référence CVE CVE-2022-40897 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-40897 Référence CVE CVE-2022-4304 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-4304 Référence CVE CVE-2022-4450 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-4450 Référence CVE CVE-2022-45047 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-45047 Référence CVE CVE-2022-46337 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-46337 Référence CVE CVE-2023-0215 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-0215 Référence CVE CVE-2023-0286 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-0286 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21830 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-21830 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21843 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-21843 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21930 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-21930 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21937 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-21937 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21938 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0325Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Oracle

d?id=CVE-2022-31160 Référence CVE CVE-2022-34169 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-34169 Référence CVE CVE-2022-36033 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-36033 Référence CVE CVE-2022-37434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-37434 Référence CVE CVE-2022-40152 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-40152 Référence CVE CVE-2022-41881 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-41881 Référence CVE CVE-2022-42916 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-42916 Référence CVE CVE-2022-43548 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-43548 Référence CVE CVE-2022-43551 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-43551 Référence CVE CVE-2022-45047 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-45047 Référence CVE CVE-2022-45061 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-45061 Référence CVE CVE-2022-45143 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-45143 Référence CVE CVE-2022-45685 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-45685 Référence CVE CVE-2023-0215 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-0215 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21896 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-21896 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21911 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-21911 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21912 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-21912 Référence CVE CVE-2023-21913 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0314Multiples vulnérabilités dans IBM Spectrum Scale

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans IBM Spectrum Scale. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un contournement de la politique de sécurité et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2022-021097Apache Software Foundation の SSHD における信頼できないデータのデシリアライゼーションに関する脆弱性

Apache Software Foundation の SSHD には、信頼できないデータのデシリアライゼーションに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2026-0028Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Analytics

Recent updates and vulnerabilities in Apache MINA SSHD, Oracle products, and Red Hat JBoss Data Grid highlight significant security risks, including unsafe Java deserialization and unauthenticated access leading to potential system compromises.

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0126Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Enterprise Manager

De kwetsbaarheden stellen ongeauthenticeerde aanvallers in staat om systemen te compromitteren via HTTP of SSH, wat kan leiden tot Denial-of-Service (DoS) of vertrouwelijke informatie openbaarmaking. Specifiek in de ObjectSerializationDecoder van Apache MINA is er een kritieke kwetsbaarheid die op afstand code-executie mogelijk maakt door een gebrek aan beveiligingscontroles in het deserialisatieproces. Dit betreft versies 2.0.X, 2.1.X, en 2.2.X. Daarnaast kunnen aanvallers ook gebruik maken van een kwetsbaarheid in Oracle's Primavera Gateway, die een Denial-of-Service kan veroorzaken.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
Action
Before applying this update, ensure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. Also, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 16 Nov 2022 · Last source change 1 May 2026, 15:28 UTC · CWE-502 · Deserialization of Untrusted Data

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-7328
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    unspecified ≤ 2.9.1 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    unspecified ≤ 2.9.1 · Fixed: Before applying this update, ensure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. Also, back up your existing installation, including all applications, configuration files, databases and database settings. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
  2. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-7328↗Red Hat Product Security security advisory↗CISA Vulnrichment SSVC evidence↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2022-45047 · cve.blacktree.nl