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Full vulnerability report · 2022
CVE-2022-41040High confidence

Microsoft Exchange Server Server-Side Request Forgery Vulnerability

Microsoft · Exchange Server

8.8HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2022-10-21 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 30 Sep 2022

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • EPSS is 99.96% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Microsoft Exchange Server and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2022-44285

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 30 Sep 2022. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
8.8 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
1 linked advisory record
Recommended actionPatch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2022-10-21 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Microsoft Exchange Server allows for server-side request forgery. Dubbed "ProxyNotShell," this vulnerability is chainable with CVE-2022-41082 which allows for remote code execution.

What

Microsoft Exchange Server allows for server-side request forgery. Dubbed "ProxyNotShell," this vulnerability is chainable with CVE-2022-41082 which allows for remote code execution.

Why

The server follows an attacker-influenced destination, allowing requests to systems or services the attacker cannot reach directly.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

Microsoft Exchange Server allows for server-side request forgery. Dubbed "ProxyNotShell," this vulnerability is chainable with CVE-2022-41082 which allows for remote code execution.

Why

The server follows an attacker-influenced destination, allowing requests to systems or services the attacker cannot reach directly.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2022-09-30. Known ransomware campaign use is recorded.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-918 ↗

CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
NetworkRemote code executionCWE-918CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-44285Known-exploited evidence recorded

Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Official EUVD record ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AL22-011Microsoft Exchange zero-day vulnerabilities - Update 1

An Alert is used to raise awareness of a recently identified cyber threat that may impact cyber information assets, and to provide additional detection and mitigation advice to recipients. The Canadian Centre for Cyber Security ("Cyber Centre") is also available to provide additional assistance regarding the content of this Alert to recipients as requested.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20221005Security Bulletin 05 Oct 2022

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 05 Oct 2022, published on 5 October 2022. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-876Multiples vulnérabilités dans Microsoft Exchange Server

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Microsoft Exchange Server. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance et une élévation de privilèges.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2022-002439Microsoft Exchange Server における権限管理に関する脆弱性

Microsoft Exchange Server には、権限管理に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-5771MS 11월 보안 위협에 따른 정기 보안 업데이트 권고

')의 부적절한 제어 Linux Kernel CVE-2022-38014 Linux용 Windows 하위 시스템(WSL2) 커널 권한 상승 취약성 Microsoft Dynamics CVE-2022-41066 Microsoft Business Central 정보 유출 취약성 Windows DWM Core Library CVE-2022-41096 Microsoft DWM 핵심 라이브러리 권한 상승 취약성 Microsoft Office ADV220003 Microsoft Defense in Depth Update Microsoft Edge (Chromium-d) CVE-2022-41035 Microsoft Edge(Chromium 기반) 스푸핑 취약성 Microsoft Office Excel CVE-2022-41104 Microsoft Excel 보안 기능 우회 취약성 Microsoft Office Excel CVE-2022-41106 Microsoft Excel 원격 코드 실행 취약성 Microsoft Office Excel CVE-2022-41063 Microsoft Excel 원격 코드 실행 취약성 Microsoft Office CVE-2022-41105 Microsoft Excel 정보 유출 취약성 Microsoft Exchange Server CVE-2022-41040 Microsoft Exchange Server 권한 상승 취약성 Microsoft Exchange Server CVE-2022-41123 Microsoft Exchange Server 권한 상승 취약성 Microsoft Exchange Server CVE-2022-41080 Microsoft Exchange Server 권한 상승 취약성 Microsoft Exchange Server CVE-2022-41078 Microsoft Exchange Server 스푸핑 취약성 Microsoft Exchange Server CVE-2022-41079 Microsoft Exchange Server 스푸핑 취약성 Microsoft Exchange Server CVE-2022-41082 Microsoft Exchange Server 원격 코드 실행 취약성 Windows ODBC Driver CVE-2022-34730 Microsoft ODBC 드라이버 원격 코드 실행 취약성 Windows ODBC Driver CVE-2022-34732 Microsoft ODBC 드라이버 원격 코드 실행 취약성 Windows ODBC Driver CVE-2022-34734 Microsoft ODBC 드라이버 원격 코드 실행 취약성 Windows ODBC Driver CVE-2

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-5739현재 악용되고 있는 Exploit(Update. 2022-09-30)

Microsoft Exchange Server allows for server-side request forgery. Dubbed "ProxyNotShell," this vulnerability is chainable with CVE-2022-41082 which allows for remote code execution.

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-5738MS Exchange Server 보안 취약점 주의 권고 (Update. 22-10-11 15:00)

Microsoft Exchange Server에서 발생하는 SSRF(Server-Side Request Forgery) 취약점(CVE-2022-41040)

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
A mitigation or workaround reference is available from the source linked below; validate it against the affected product and version.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 3 Oct 2022 · Last source change 21 Oct 2025, 23:15 UTC · CWE-918 · Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-44285
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    15.00.0 < 15.00.1497.044; 15.0.0 < 15.01.2375.037; 15.02.0 < 15.02.0986.036; 15.02.0 < 15.02.1118.020; 15.01.0 < 15.01.2507.016 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Cumulative Update 23: 15.00.0 < 15.00.1497.044; Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 22: 15.0.0 < 15.01.2375.037; Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 11: 15.02.0 < 15.02.0986.036; Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 Cumulative Update 12: 15.02.0 < 15.02.1118.020; Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 Cumulative Update 23: 15.01.0 < 15.01.2507.016 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-44285↗CISA KEV record↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Patch or update reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2022-41040 · cve.blacktree.nl