Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
- EPSS is 3.99% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2022
CVE-2022-23990High confidence
Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.4 has an integer overflow in the doProlog function
Unknown · Unknown
Official source article: Siemens SSA-398330 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.
7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix
Fix availability varies by productHigh technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityHigh→Operational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Remediation availability differs by product scope
Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
- Siemens ProductCERT: 5 affected or under-investigation product states without a fixed product state in the same current advisory
- Siemens ProductCERT: 1 affected or under-investigation product state without a fixed product state in the same current advisory
- Debian Security Tracker: 1 affected package state with no published fix
Distribution package intelligence
15 package statesRelease-specific package status
Alpine, Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Package result overrides the generic status
BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 1 affected package state shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine v3.23v3.23 · main | expat | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 2.4.4-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Alpine v3.22v3.22 · main | expat | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 2.4.4-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Alpine v3.21v3.21 · main | expat | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 2.4.4-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Debian trixietrixie · source | expat | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 2.4.3-3 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | expat | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 2.4.3-3 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | libxmltok | Affected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open. | Not published in this feed | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | expat | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 2.4.3-3 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | expat | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 2.4.3-3 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-apps | swish-e | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-apps | xmlrpc-c | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | cadaver | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | matanza | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | tdom | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | thunderbird | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | wbxml2 | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
Direct vendor intelligence
3 currentAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
CVE-2022-23990 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securityexpat: integer overflow in the doProlog function
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- compat-expat1 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- compat-expat1.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- expat-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- expat-static as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- firefox as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- firefox.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- thunderbird as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- Summary
- A flaw was found in expat. The vulnerability occurs due to large content in element type declarations when there is an element declaration handler present which leads to an integer overflow. This flaw allows an attacker to inject an unsigned integer, leading to a crash or a denial of service.
- Remediation
- Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
SSA-398330 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 18 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-398330: Vulnerabilities in the additional GNU/Linux subsystem of the SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518(F)-4 PN/DP MFP >= V3.1.0 and < V3.1.5
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AB0)
- SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4AX00-1AC0)
- SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AB0)
- SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP (6ES7518-4FX00-1AC0)
- SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP (6AG1518-4AX00-4AC0)
- Summary
- Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.4 has an integer overflow in the doProlog function.
- Remediation
- Update to V3.1.5 or later version
SSA-484086 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 2 · interimSiemens ProductCERTSSA-484086: Multiple Vulnerabilities in SINEMA Remote Connect Server before V3.1
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- SINEMA Remote Connect Server
- Summary
- Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.4 has an integer overflow in the doProlog function.
- Remediation
- Update to V3.1 or later version
High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
Fix availability varies by product01
What, why and how
Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.4 has an integer overflow in the doProlog function.
What
Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.4 has an integer overflow in the doProlog function.
Why
The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
Expat (aka libexpat) before 2.4.4 has an integer overflow in the doProlog function.
Why
The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- a network path → Integer Overflow or Wraparound → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
- Attack surface
- Network
- Privileges required
- None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
- User interaction
- None
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-190 ↗
CWE-190: Integer Overflow or Wraparound. The product performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may become a very small or negative number.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Fix availability varies by product
- Affected
- compat-expat1 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- compat-expat1.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- expat-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- expat-static as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- firefox as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- firefox.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- thunderbird as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- thunderbird.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- Fixed
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-devel-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-devel-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-devel-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-devel-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-devel-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)
- expat-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debuginfo-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- expat-debugsource-0:2.5.0-1.el8_10.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 8)
- and 49 more
- Action
- Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 26 Jan 2022 · Last source change 5 May 2025, 16:24 UTC · CWE-190 · Integer Overflow or Wraparound
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-28905
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment
Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.Siemens ProductCERT ↗
- Before
- n/a · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
- After
- n/a · Fixed: Update to V3.1.5 or later version
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.