BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
← Back to the CVE catalogue
Full vulnerability report · 2022
CVE-2022-21681High confidence

Exponential catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS) in marked

markedjs · marked

Official source article: GitHub GHSA-5V2H-R2CX-5XGJ ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 22 Apr 2025

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 2.77% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs markedjs marked and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

5 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcenode-markedVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.0.12+ds+~4.0.1-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcenode-markedVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.0.12+ds+~4.0.1-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcenode-markedVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.0.12+ds+~4.0.1-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcenode-markedVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.0.12+ds+~4.0.1-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivenode-markedUnder evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2022-0473

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Marked is a markdown parser and compiler. Prior to version 4.0.10, the regular expression `inline.reflinkSearch` may cause catastrophic backtracking against some strings and lead to a denial of service (DoS). Anyone who runs untrusted markdown through a vulnerable version of marked and does not use a worker with a time limit may be affected. This issue is patched in version 4.0.10. As a workaround, avoid running untrusted markdown through marked or run marked on a worker thread and set a reasonable time limit to prevent draining resources.

What

Marked is a markdown parser and compiler. Prior to version 4.0.10, the regular expression `inline.reflinkSearch` may cause catastrophic backtracking against some strings and lead to a denial of service (DoS). Anyone who runs untrusted markdown through a vulnerable version of marked and does not use a worker with a time limit may be affected. This issue is patched in version 4.0.10. As a workaround, avoid running untrusted markdown through marked or run marked on a worker thread and set a reasonable time limit to prevent draining resources.

Why

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

Marked is a markdown parser and compiler. Prior to version 4.0.10, the regular expression `inline.reflinkSearch` may cause catastrophic backtracking against some strings and lead to a denial of service (DoS). Anyone who runs untrusted markdown through a vulnerable version of marked and does not use a worker with a time limit may be affected. This issue is patched in version 4.0.10. As a workaround, avoid running untrusted markdown through marked or run marked on a worker thread and set a reasonable time limit to prevent draining resources.

Why

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Uncontrolled Resource Consumption → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-400 ↗

CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption. The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedDenial of serviceCWE-400Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-0426IBM Spectrum Protect: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer, authentisierter oder lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM Spectrum Protect ausnutzen, um einen 'Denial of Service'-Zustand herbeizuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, einen 'Cross-Site-Scripting'-Angriff durchzuführen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, sensible Informationen offenzulegen und seine Privilegien zu erweitern.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20220119Security Bulletin 19 Jan 2022

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 19 Jan 2022, published on 19 January 2022. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0021Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

rd?id=CVE-2020-7676 Référence CVE CVE-2021-21290 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-21290 Référence CVE CVE-2021-21295 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-21295 Référence CVE CVE-2021-32036 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-32036 Référence CVE CVE-2021-32040 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-32040 Référence CVE CVE-2021-43797 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-43797 Référence CVE CVE-2021-46939 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-46939 Référence CVE CVE-2021-47321 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-47321 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21680 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21680 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21681 Référence CVE CVE-2022-25869 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-25869 Référence CVE CVE-2022-3602 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-3602 Référence CVE CVE-2022-3786 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-3786 Référence CVE CVE-2022-46751 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-46751 Référence CVE CVE-2023-26116 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-26116 Référence CVE CVE-2023-26117 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-26117 Référence CVE CVE-2023-26118 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-26118 Référence CVE CVE-2023-26136 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0362Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

VERecord?id=CVE-2020-7789 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22569 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-22569 Référence CVE CVE-2021-29469 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-29469 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3516 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3518 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3518 Référence CVE CVE-2021-39036 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-39036 Référence CVE CVE-2021-44906 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-44906 Référence CVE CVE-2022-0185 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0185 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21680 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21680 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21681 Référence CVE CVE-2022-24434 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-24434 Référence CVE CVE-2022-24728 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-24728 Référence CVE CVE-2022-24729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-24729 Référence CVE CVE-2022-25647 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-25647 Référence CVE CVE-2022-31129 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-31129 Référence CVE CVE-2022-3171 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-3171 Référence CVE CVE-2022-32212 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-32212 Référence CVE CVE-2022-32213 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-239Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ecord?id=CVE-2021-41182 Référence CVE CVE-2021-41183 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-41183 Référence CVE CVE-2021-41184 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-41184 Référence CVE CVE-2021-41617 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-41617 Référence CVE CVE-2021-44716 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-44716 Référence CVE CVE-2021-44717 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-44717 Référence CVE CVE-2022-0235 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0235 Référence CVE CVE-2022-0391 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0391 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21680 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21680 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21681 Référence CVE CVE-2022-23772 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-23772 Référence CVE CVE-2022-23773 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-23773 Référence CVE CVE-2022-23806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-23806 Gestion détaillée du document le 14 mars 2022 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des sy

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2022-003529Marked における非効率的な正規表現の複雑さに関する脆弱性

Marked には、非効率的な正規表現の複雑さに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
marked: < 4.0.10
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 14 Jan 2022 · Last source change 22 Apr 2025, 18:33 UTC · CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-0473
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2022-21681 · cve.blacktree.nl