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Full vulnerability report · 2022
CVE-2021-42581High confidence

n/a — Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Unknown · Unknown

9.1CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 1.39% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2021-29546

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Prototype poisoning in function mapObjIndexed in Ramda 0.27.0 and earlier allows attackers to compromise integrity or availability of application via supplying a crafted object (that contains an own property "__proto__") as an argument to the function. NOTE: the vendor disputes this because the observed behavior only means that a user can create objects that the user didn't know would contain custom prototypes

What

Prototype poisoning in function mapObjIndexed in Ramda 0.27.0 and earlier allows attackers to compromise integrity or availability of application via supplying a crafted object (that contains an own property "__proto__") as an argument to the function. NOTE: the vendor disputes this because the observed behavior only means that a user can create objects that the user didn't know would contain custom prototypes

Why

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Prototype poisoning in function mapObjIndexed in Ramda 0.27.0 and earlier allows attackers to compromise integrity or availability of application via supplying a crafted object (that contains an own property "__proto__") as an argument to the function. NOTE: the vendor disputes this because the observed behavior only means that a user can create objects that the user didn't know would contain custom prototypes

Why

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-1321 ↗

CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'). The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-1321Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-0809IBM QRadar SIEM: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM QRadar SIEM ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, Informationen offenzulegen, Informationen falsch darzustellen, einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen, Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen, einen Cross-Site-Scripting-Angriff durchzuführen oder unbekannte Auswirkungen zu verursachen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20220511Security Bulletin 11 May 2022

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 11 May 2022, published on 11 May 2022. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2023-AVI-0276Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ERecord?id=CVE-2021-37136 Référence CVE CVE-2021-37137 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-37137 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3765 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3765 Référence CVE CVE-2021-37701 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-37701 Référence CVE CVE-2021-37712 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-37712 Référence CVE CVE-2021-37713 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-37713 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3807 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3918 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3918 Référence CVE CVE-2021-39227 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-39227 Référence CVE CVE-2021-42581 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-42581 Référence CVE CVE-2021-42740 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-42740 Référence CVE CVE-2021-43797 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-43797 Référence CVE CVE-2022-1552 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1552 Référence CVE CVE-2022-1705 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1705 Référence CVE CVE-2022-1962 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1962 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21619 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21619 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21624 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21624 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21626 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-20

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-767Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ERecord?id=CVE-2021-28165 Référence CVE CVE-2021-28169 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-28169 Référence CVE CVE-2021-34141 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-34141 Référence CVE CVE-2021-34428 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-34428 Référence CVE CVE-2021-34429 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-34429 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3533 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3533 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3677 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3677 Référence CVE CVE-2021-4083 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-4083 Référence CVE CVE-2021-41496 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-41496 Référence CVE CVE-2021-42581 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-42581 Référence CVE CVE-2021-43138 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-43138 Référence CVE CVE-2021-43859 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-43859 Référence CVE CVE-2021-44906 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-44906 Référence CVE CVE-2021-44907 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-44907 Référence CVE CVE-2021-45960 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-45960 Référence CVE CVE-2021-46143 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-46143 Référence CVE CVE-2021-46461 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-46461 Référence CVE CVE-2021-46462 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-1025Multiples vulnérabilités dans IBM QRadar

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans IBM QRadar. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un déni de service à distance, un contournement de la politique de sécurité et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2021-019580ramdajs の ramda におけるオブジェクトプロトタイプ属性の不適切に制御された変更に関する脆弱性

** 未確定 ** 本件は、脆弱性として確定していません。 ramdajs の ramda には、オブジェクトプロトタイプ属性の不適切に制御された変更に関する脆弱性が存在します。 ベンダは、本脆弱性に対して異議を唱えています。 詳細については、以下の NVD の Current Description を確認してください。 https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42581

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
n/a
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 10 May 2022 · Last source change 4 Aug 2024, 03:38 UTC · CWE-1321 · Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2021-29546
Product sourceUnavailable
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2021-42581 · cve.blacktree.nl