Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- EPSS is 2.84% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2021
CVE-2021-36976High confidence
libarchive 3.4.1 through 3.5.1 has a use-after-free in copy_string (called from do_uncompress_block and process_block)
Unknown · Unknown
6.5MediumCVSS 3.1
Scheduled
Fix not verifiedMedium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityMedium→Operational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Distribution package intelligence
7 package statesRelease-specific package status
Alpine, Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine v3.23v3.23 · main | libarchive | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 3.6.0-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Alpine v3.22v3.22 · main | libarchive | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 3.6.0-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Alpine v3.21v3.21 · main | libarchive | Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected. | 3.6.0-r0 | Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026 |
| Debian trixietrixie · source | libarchive | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 3.6.0-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | libarchive | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 3.6.0-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | libarchive | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 3.6.0-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | libarchive | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 3.6.0-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026 |
Direct vendor intelligence
1 currentAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
CVE-2021-36976 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitylibarchive: use-after-free in copy_string()
The vendor explicitly states that these products are not affected by this CVE.
- libarchive as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- libarchive-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- libarchive.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- bsdcpio as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- bsdtar as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- libarchive as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- libarchive-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- libarchive.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
- bsdtar as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- libarchive as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- libarchive-devel as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- libarchive.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
- Summary
- A use-after-free flaw was found in libarchive in the copy_string function.
- Remediation
- No remediation text is recorded.
Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority.
Fix not verified01
What, why and how
libarchive 3.4.1 through 3.5.1 has a use-after-free in copy_string (called from do_uncompress_block and process_block).
What
libarchive 3.4.1 through 3.5.1 has a use-after-free in copy_string (called from do_uncompress_block and process_block).
Why
The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
What
libarchive 3.4.1 through 3.5.1 has a use-after-free in copy_string (called from do_uncompress_block and process_block).
Why
The program can continue using memory after it has been released, producing unsafe and attacker-influenceable behaviour.
How
An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- a network path → Use After Free → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
- Attack surface
- Network
- Privileges required
- None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
- User interaction
- Required interaction required
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-416 ↗
CWE-416: Use After Free. The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory belongs to the code that operates on the new pointer.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HCommon Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.
AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Fix not verified
- Affected
- n/a
- Fixed
- No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
- Action
- No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 20 Jul 2021 · Last source change 3 Nov 2025, 21:45 UTC · CWE-416 · Use After Free
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2021-23552
Product sourceUnavailable
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment
Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed from remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2021-36976 to remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2021-36976.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2021-36976
- After
- remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2021-36976
- Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Patch available to Awaiting fix.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- Patch available
- After
- Awaiting fix
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- Fixed: bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdcpio-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdcpio-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdcpio-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdcpio-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdtar-0:3.5.3-1.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdtar-0:3.5.3-1.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdtar-0:3.5.3-1.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdtar-0:3.5.3-1.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdtar-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdtar-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdtar-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdtar-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libarchive-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libarchive-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libarchive-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libarchive-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libarchive-debugsource-0:3.5.3-1.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libarchive-debugsource-0:3.5.3-1.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libarchive-debugsource-0:3.5.3-1.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); libarchive-debugsource-0:3.5.3-1.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9); bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.i686 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.ppc64le as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.s390x as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); bsdcat-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.x86_64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); bsdcpio-debuginfo-0:3.5.3-1.el9.aarch64 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9); and 55 more
- After
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.