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Full vulnerability report · 2021
CVE-2021-25122High confidence

Apache Tomcat h2c request mix-up

Apache Software Foundation · Apache Tomcat

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 6 Oct 2026

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 18.11% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

4 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcetomcat9Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.9.0.43-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 7 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcetomcat9Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.9.0.43-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 7 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcetomcat9Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.9.0.43-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 7 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcetomcat9Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.9.0.43-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 7 Oct 2026
Open-source package ranges8 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-coreECOSYSTEM: introduced 10.0.0-M1; fixed 10.0.210.0.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 26 Aug 2026
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-coreECOSYSTEM: introduced 9.0.0-M1; fixed 9.0.439.0.43OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 26 Aug 2026
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-coreECOSYSTEM: introduced 8.5.0; fixed 8.5.638.5.63OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 26 Aug 2026
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyoteECOSYSTEM: introduced 10.0.0-M1; fixed 10.0.210.0.2OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 26 Aug 2026
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core>= 8.5.0, < 8.5.638.5.63GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 25 Aug 2026
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core>= 10.0.0-M1, < 10.0.210.0.2GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 25 Aug 2026
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core>= 9.0.0-M1, < 9.0.439.0.43GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 25 Aug 2026
mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote>= 10.0.0-M1, < 10.0.210.0.2GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 25 Aug 2026
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2021-25122 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitytomcat: Request mix-up with h2c
10 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • pki-servlet-4.0-api (pki-deps:10.6) as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
  • pki-servlet-engine.src (pki-deps:10.6) as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
  • pki-servlet-engine (pki-deps:10.6) as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
  • jbossweb as a component of Red Hat JBoss Data Grid 6
  • jbossweb as a component of Red Hat JBoss Data Virtualization 6
  • jbossweb as a component of Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6
  • tomcat as a component of Red Hat JBoss Fuse 6
  • opendaylight.src as a component of Red Hat OpenStack Platform 10 (Newton)
  • opendaylight as a component of Red Hat OpenStack Platform 13 (Queens)
  • opendaylight.src as a component of Red Hat OpenStack Platform 13 (Queens)
Summary
A flaw was found in Apache Tomcat. When responding to new h2c connection requests, Apache Tomcat could duplicate request headers and a limited amount of request body from one request to another meaning user A and user B could both see the results of user A's request. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality.
Remediation
Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2021-1340

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

When responding to new h2c connection requests, Apache Tomcat versions 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.0, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.41 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.61 could duplicate request headers and a limited amount of request body from one request to another meaning user A and user B could both see the results of user A's request.

What

When responding to new h2c connection requests, Apache Tomcat versions 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.0, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.41 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.61 could duplicate request headers and a limited amount of request body from one request to another meaning user A and user B could both see the results of user A's request.

Why

The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

When responding to new h2c connection requests, Apache Tomcat versions 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.0, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.41 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.61 could duplicate request headers and a limited amount of request body from one request to another meaning user A and user B could both see the results of user A's request.

Why

The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-200 ↗

CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor. The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-200
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2022-1375JFrog Artifactory: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in JFrog Artifactory ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erweitern, beliebigen Code auszuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen und einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand auszulösen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2022-0607Red Hat FUSE: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer, authentisierter oder lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Red Hat FUSE ausnutzen, um vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen, beliebigen Code auszuführen, einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten und Informationen zu manipulieren und seine Privilegien zu erweitern.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2022-1099Apache Tomcat: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apache Tomcat ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen oder beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20210303Security Bulletin 03 Mar 2021

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 03 Mar 2021, published on 3 March 2021. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2021-AVI-802Multiples vulnérabilités dans Oracle Database

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Oracle Database. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un déni de service à distance, une atteinte à l'intégrité des données et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2021-AVI-558Multiples vulnérabilités dans Oracle MySQL

.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2424 Référence CVE CVE-2021-2425 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2425 Référence CVE CVE-2021-2426 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2426 Référence CVE CVE-2021-2427 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2427 Référence CVE CVE-2021-2429 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2429 Référence CVE CVE-2021-2437 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2437 Référence CVE CVE-2021-2440 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2440 Référence CVE CVE-2021-2441 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2441 Référence CVE CVE-2021-2444 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-2444 Référence CVE CVE-2021-25122 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-25122 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3450 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3450 Gestion détaillée du document le 21 juillet 2021 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2021-AVI-254Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2767 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2773 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2773 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2778 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2778 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2781 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2781 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2800 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2800 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2803 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2803 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2805 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2805 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2816 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2816 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2830 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2830 Référence CVE CVE-2021-25122 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-25122 Référence CVE CVE-2021-25329 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-25329 Gestion détaillée du document le 14 avril 2021 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2021-AVI-164Multiples vulnérabilités dans Apache Tomcat

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans Apache Tomcat. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2021-003864Apache Tomcat における情報漏えいに関する脆弱性

Apache Tomcat には、情報漏えいに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
NCSC-NL · Dutch · NCSC-2025-0123Kwetsbaarheden verholpen in Oracle Database Producten

De kwetsbaarheden stellen ongeauthenticeerde kwaadwillenden in staat om een Denial-of-Service te veroorzaken of om ongeautoriseerde toegang te verkrijgen tot gevoelige gegevens en gegevens te manipuleren. Subcomponenten als de RDBMS Listener, Java VM, en andere componenten zijn specifiek kwetsbaar, met CVSS-scores variërend van 5.3 tot 7.5, wat duidt op een gematigd tot hoog risico.

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
Action
Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 1 Mar 2021 · Last source change 13 Feb 2025, 16:27 UTC · CWE-200 · Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2021-1340
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    Apache Tomcat 10 < 10.0.2; Apache Tomcat 9 < 9.0.42; Apache Tomcat 8.5 < 8.5.62 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    Apache Tomcat 10 < 10.0.2; Apache Tomcat 9 < 9.0.42; Apache Tomcat 8.5 < 8.5.62 · Fixed: Before applying this update, make sure all previously released errata relevant to your system have been applied. For details on how to apply this update, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2021-1340↗Red Hat Product Security security advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2021-25122 · cve.blacktree.nl