BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
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Full vulnerability report · 2021
CVE-2020-28500High confidence

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)

Unknown · Lodash

5.3MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:High, raised one band.upgradedsince 16 Sep 2024

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 7.34% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Lodash and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

4 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcenode-lodashVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.17.21+dfsg+~cs8.31.173-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcenode-lodashVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.17.21+dfsg+~cs8.31.173-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcenode-lodashVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.17.21+dfsg+~cs8.31.173-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcenode-lodashVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.17.21+dfsg+~cs8.31.173-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Open-source package ranges10 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
RubyGemslodash-railsECOSYSTEM: introduced 4.0.0; fixed 4.17.214.17.21OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 29 Sep 2025
npmlodash>= 4.0.0, < 4.17.214.17.21GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 29 Sep 2025
npmlodashSEMVER: introduced 4.0.0; fixed 4.17.214.17.21OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 29 Sep 2025
npmlodash-es>= 4.0.0, < 4.17.214.17.21GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 29 Sep 2025
npmlodash-esSEMVER: introduced 4.0.0; fixed 4.17.214.17.21OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 29 Sep 2025
npmlodash.trim>= 4.0.0, <= 4.5.1Not statedGitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 29 Sep 2025
npmlodash.trimSEMVER: introduced 4.0.0; last affected 4.5.1Not statedOSV record ↗aggregator derived · 29 Sep 2025
npmlodash.trimend>= 4.0.0, <= 4.5.1Not statedGitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 29 Sep 2025
npmlodash.trimendSEMVER: introduced 4.0.0; last affected 4.5.1Not statedOSV record ↗aggregator derived · 29 Sep 2025
rubygemslodash-rails>= 4.0.0, < 4.17.214.17.21GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 29 Sep 2025
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
SSA-637483 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 1 · finalSiemens ProductCERTSSA-637483 Third-Party Component Vulnerabilities in SINEC INS before V1.0 SP2
1 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • SINEC INS
Summary
Lodash versions prior to 4.17.21 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via the toNumber, trim and trimEnd functions.
Remediation
Update to V1.0 SP2 or later version
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2022-0424

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

Lodash versions prior to 4.17.21 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via the toNumber, trim and trimEnd functions.

What

Lodash versions prior to 4.17.21 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via the toNumber, trim and trimEnd functions.

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

Lodash versions prior to 4.17.21 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via the toNumber, trim and trimEnd functions.

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → vulnerable operation → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration.
CWE not yet assigned
CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ALowAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedDenial of servicePublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-3025IBM InfoSphere Information Server: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM InfoSphere Information Server ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, Informationen offenzulegen, Cross-Site-Scripting-Angriffe durchzuführen oder einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2022-1375JFrog Artifactory: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in JFrog Artifactory ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erweitern, beliebigen Code auszuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, vertrauliche Informationen offenzulegen und einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand auszulösen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2023-0857IBM QRadar SIEM: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein lokaler Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in IBM QRadar SIEM ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen, Dateien manipulieren oder Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen.

Official advisory ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2022-1384Red Hat Virtualization: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Denial of Service

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Red Hat Virtualization ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20210217Security Bulletin 17 Feb 2021

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 17 Feb 2021, published on 17 February 2021. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0901Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

tps://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7280009 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7280010 du 14 juillet 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7280010 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7280089 du 15 juillet 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7280089 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7280105 du 15 juillet 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7280105 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7280131 du 15 juillet 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7280131 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7280183 du 15 juillet 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7280183 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7279466 du 27 août 2026 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7279466 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28500 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28500 Référence CVE CVE-2020-7760 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-7760 Référence CVE CVE-2020-8203 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-8203 Référence CVE CVE-2021-23337 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-23337 Référence CVE CVE-2022-21704 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-21704 Référence CVE CVE-2022-24785 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-24785 Référence CVE CVE-2022-31129 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-31129 Référence CVE CVE-2022-40896 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-40896 Référence CVE CVE-2023-32681 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0756Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2770 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2774 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2774 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2779 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2779 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2780 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2780 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2790 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2790 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2804 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2804 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2806 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2812 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2812 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2814 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2814 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28500 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28500 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2853 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2853 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2892 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2892 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2893 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2893 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2895 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2895 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2896 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2896 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2897 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2897 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2901 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2901 Référence CVE CVE-2020-2903 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-2903 R

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-1051Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

exécution de code arbitraire à distance, une élévation de privilèges et un déni de service à distance. Solutions Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7177220 du 02 décembre 2024 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7177220 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7177981 du 05 décembre 2024 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7177981 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7178033 du 05 décembre 2024 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7178033 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7178054 du 06 décembre 2024 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7178054 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28500 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28500 Référence CVE CVE-2020-8203 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-8203 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22918 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-22918 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22921 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-22921 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22930 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-22930 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22931 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-22931 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22939 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-22939 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22940 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-22940 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22959 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-814Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits SIEMENS

uctcert/html/ssa-518824.html Bulletin de sécurité Siemens ssa-589975 du 13 septembre 2022 https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-589975.html Bulletin de sécurité Siemens ssa-637483 du 13 septembre 2022 https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-637483.html Bulletin de sécurité Siemens ssa-638652 du 13 septembre 2022 https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-638652.html Référence CVE CVE-2016-0701 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-0701 Référence CVE CVE-2020-12762 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-12762 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28168 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28168 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28500 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28500 Référence CVE CVE-2020-7793 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-7793 Référence CVE CVE-2021-23337 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-23337 Référence CVE CVE-2021-23839 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-23839 Référence CVE CVE-2021-23841 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-23841 Référence CVE CVE-2021-25217 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-25217 Référence CVE CVE-2021-25220 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-25220 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3749 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3749 Référence CVE CVE-2021-4160 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-494Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits IBM. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un déni de service à distance et un contournement de la politique de sécurité.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-424Multiples vulnérabilités dans F5 BIG-IP

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans F5 BIG-IP. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire, un déni de service et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-1025Multiples vulnérabilités dans IBM QRadar

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans IBM QRadar. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un déni de service à distance, un contournement de la politique de sécurité et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2021-AVI-671Multiples vulnérabilités dans IBM Spectrum Protect Plus

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans IBM Spectrum Protect Plus. Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un déni de service à distance et une élévation de privilèges.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2020-011490Lodash における脆弱性

Lodash には、不特定の脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
SINEC INS
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 15 Feb 2021 · Last source change 16 Sept 2024, 22:15 UTC · CWE not yet assigned

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-0424
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Siemens ProductCERT
CWE sourceUnavailable
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: CWE classification, affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2020-28500 · cve.blacktree.nl