BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
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Full vulnerability report · 2021
CVE-2020-28493High confidence

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)

Unknown · jinja2

5.3MediumCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:High, raised one band.upgradedsince 16 Sep 2024

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 3.55% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown jinja2 and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Alpine, Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

7 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Alpine v3.23v3.23 · mainpy3-jinja2Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.1.11.3-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.22v3.22 · mainpy3-jinja2Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.1.11.3-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Alpine v3.21v3.21 · mainpy3-jinja2Vendor fix publishedAlpine records a security fix at this version. An absent entry does not mean the package is unaffected.1.11.3-r0Alpine Security Database ↗Source updated 3 Oct 2026
Debian trixietrixie · sourcejinja2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.11.3-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcejinja2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.11.3-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcejinja2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.11.3-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcejinja2Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.2.11.3-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 6 Oct 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2021-0103

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

This affects the package jinja2 from 0.0.0 and before 2.11.3. The ReDoS vulnerability is mainly due to the `_punctuation_re regex` operator and its use of multiple wildcards. The last wildcard is the most exploitable as it searches for trailing punctuation. This issue can be mitigated by Markdown to format user content instead of the urlize filter, or by implementing request timeouts and limiting process memory.

What

This affects the package jinja2 from 0.0.0 and before 2.11.3. The ReDoS vulnerability is mainly due to the `_punctuation_re regex` operator and its use of multiple wildcards. The last wildcard is the most exploitable as it searches for trailing punctuation. This issue can be mitigated by Markdown to format user content instead of the urlize filter, or by implementing request timeouts and limiting process memory.

Why

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

This affects the package jinja2 from 0.0.0 and before 2.11.3. The ReDoS vulnerability is mainly due to the `_punctuation_re regex` operator and its use of multiple wildcards. The last wildcard is the most exploitable as it searches for trailing punctuation. This issue can be mitigated by Markdown to format user content instead of the urlize filter, or by implementing request timeouts and limiting process memory.

Why

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Uncontrolled Resource Consumption → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-400 ↗

CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption. The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CNoneConfidentiality impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ALowAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a limited loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-400Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2024-0794Dell ECS: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Dell ECS ausnutzen, um seine Privilegien zu erweitern, beliebigen Programmcode mit Administratorrechten auszuführen, Informationen offenzulegen, Dateien zu manipulieren, einen Cross-Site-Scripting-Angriff durchzuführen, Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen oder einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV21-535IBM security advisory

Between 18 and 24 October 2021 IBM published Security Bulletins to address vulnerabilities in multiple products. Included were critical updates for the following: IBM Watson Explorer Deep Analytics Edition Foundational Components https://www.ibm.com/blogs/psirt/security-bulletin-vulnerabilities-affect-watson-explorer-foundational-components-cve-2021-3712-cve-2021-3711/

Official advisory ↗
Cyber Security Agency of Singapore · English · CSA-SB-20210203Security Bulletin 03 Feb 2021

The Cyber Security Agency of Singapore included this CVE in its official Security Bulletin 03 Feb 2021, published on 3 February 2021. Open the linked bulletin for the product, severity and reference information published in that issue.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0395Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

cord?id=CVE-2019-9948 Référence CVE CVE-2020-10735 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-10735 Référence CVE CVE-2020-14343 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-14343 Référence CVE CVE-2020-14422 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-14422 Référence CVE CVE-2020-1747 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-1747 Référence CVE CVE-2020-26116 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-26116 Référence CVE CVE-2020-26137 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-26137 Référence CVE CVE-2020-27619 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-27619 Référence CVE CVE-2020-27783 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-27783 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28493 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28493 Référence CVE CVE-2020-8492 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-8492 Référence CVE CVE-2021-20270 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-20270 Référence CVE CVE-2021-23336 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-23336 Référence CVE CVE-2021-27291 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-27291 Référence CVE CVE-2021-28957 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-28957 Référence CVE CVE-2021-29921 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-29921 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3177 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3177 Référence CVE CVE-2021-3200 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0546Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

ité IBM 7238155 du 26 juin 2025 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7238155 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7238156 du 26 juin 2025 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7238156 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7238159 du 26 juin 2025 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7238159 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7238168 du 26 juin 2025 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7238168 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7238295 du 27 juin 2025 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7238295 Bulletin de sécurité IBM 7238297 du 27 juin 2025 https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7238297 Référence CVE CVE-2019-20916 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-20916 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28493 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28493 Référence CVE CVE-2020-29651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-29651 Référence CVE CVE-2020-7789 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-7789 Référence CVE CVE-2022-42969 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-42969 Référence CVE CVE-2023-1077 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-1077 Référence CVE CVE-2023-1409 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-1409 Référence CVE CVE-2023-23934 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-23934 Référence CVE CVE-2023-25577 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-25577 Référence CVE CVE-2023-30861 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-20

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0585Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

are 24676 du 15 juillet 2024 https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/24676 Bulletin de sécurité VMware 24679 du 15 juillet 2024 https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/24679 Bulletin de sécurité VMware 24680 du 15 juillet 2024 https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/24680 Bulletin de sécurité VMware 24681 du 15 juillet 2024 https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/24681 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28493 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28493 Référence CVE CVE-2021-41617 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-41617 Référence CVE CVE-2022-1725 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1725 Référence CVE CVE-2022-1771 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1771 Référence CVE CVE-2022-1886 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1886 Référence CVE CVE-2022-1897 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1897 Référence CVE CVE-2022-2000 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-2000 Référence CVE CVE-2022-2042 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-2042 Référence CVE CVE-2022-46908 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-469

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0366Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

E-2015-3627 Référence CVE CVE-2016-10516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-10516 Référence CVE CVE-2016-10745 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-10745 Référence CVE CVE-2018-1000656 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-1000656 Référence CVE CVE-2018-18074 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-18074 Référence CVE CVE-2019-1010083 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-1010083 Référence CVE CVE-2019-14322 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-14322 Référence CVE CVE-2020-15366 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-15366 Référence CVE CVE-2020-25032 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-25032 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28493 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28493 Référence CVE CVE-2021-28363 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-28363 Référence CVE CVE-2021-30465 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-30465 Référence CVE CVE-2021-43565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-43565 Référence CVE CVE-2021-43784 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-43784 Référence CVE CVE-2021-45958 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-45958 Référence CVE CVE-2022-23539 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-23539 Référence CVE CVE-2022-23540 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-23540 Référence CVE CVE-2022-23541 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0297Multiples vulnérabilités dans Juniper

d?id=CVE-2020-19186 Référence CVE CVE-2020-19187 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-19187 Référence CVE CVE-2020-19188 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-19188 Référence CVE CVE-2020-19189 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-19189 Référence CVE CVE-2020-19190 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-19190 Référence CVE CVE-2020-22916 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-22916 Référence CVE CVE-2020-25659 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-25659 Référence CVE CVE-2020-27350 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-27350 Référence CVE CVE-2020-27783 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-27783 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28493 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28493 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28928 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28928 Référence CVE CVE-2020-36242 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-36242 Référence CVE CVE-2020-8037 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-8037 Référence CVE CVE-2020-8284 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-8284 Référence CVE CVE-2020-8285 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-8285 Référence CVE CVE-2020-8286 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-8286 Référence CVE CVE-2021-20193 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-20193 Référence CVE CVE-2021-22946 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2024-AVI-0262Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-17196 Référence CVE CVE-2019-1547 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-1547 Référence CVE CVE-2019-1551 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-1551 Référence CVE CVE-2019-1563 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-1563 Référence CVE CVE-2020-10683 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-10683 Référence CVE CVE-2020-10735 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-10735 Référence CVE CVE-2020-1968 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-1968 Référence CVE CVE-2020-25659 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-25659 Référence CVE CVE-2020-27783 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-27783 Référence CVE CVE-2020-28493 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-28493 Référence CVE CVE-2020-36242 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2020-36242 Référence CVE CVE-2021-28957 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-28957 Référence CVE CVE-2021-43818 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-43818 Référence CVE CVE-2022-2127 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-2127 Référence CVE CVE-2022-25647 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-25647 Référence CVE CVE-2022-26377 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-26377 Référence CVE CVE-2022-36760 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-36760 Référence CVE CVE-2022-40303 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CV

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2022-AVI-831Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été découvertes dans les produits IBM. Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un déni de service à distance et un contournement de la politique de sécurité.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2020-015718jinja2 におけるリソースの枯渇に関する脆弱性

jinja2 には、リソースの枯渇に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
jinja2: 0.0.0 < unspecified, unspecified < 2.11.3
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 1 Feb 2021 · Last source change 16 Sept 2024, 17:24 UTC · CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2021-0103
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2020-28493 · cve.blacktree.nl