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Full vulnerability report · 2019
CVE-2019-11540High confidence

Affected product: security vulnerability

Unknown · Unknown

9.8CriticalCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Fix not verified
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityCriticalOperational priority:Critical, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 7.74% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2019-3211

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 72 hours

Critical technical impact with a remotely reachable, unauthenticated path and a public exploit reference; no CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

In Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure version 9.0RX before 9.0R3.4 and 8.3RX before 8.3R7.1 and Pulse Policy Secure version 9.0RX before 9.0R3.2 and 5.4RX before 5.4R7.1, an unauthenticated, remote attacker can conduct a session hijacking attack.

What

In Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure version 9.0RX before 9.0R3.4 and 8.3RX before 8.3R7.1 and Pulse Policy Secure version 9.0RX before 9.0R3.2 and 5.4RX before 5.4R7.1, an unauthenticated, remote attacker can conduct a session hijacking attack.

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

In Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure version 9.0RX before 9.0R3.4 and 8.3RX before 8.3R7.1 and Pulse Policy Secure version 9.0RX before 9.0R3.2 and 5.4RX before 5.4R7.1, an unauthenticated, remote attacker can conduct a session hijacking attack.

Why

The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → vulnerable operation → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration.
CWE not yet assigned
CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2019-004170Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure および Pulse Policy Secure における脆弱性

Pulse Secure Pulse Connect Secure および Pulse Policy Secure には、不特定の脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-5221랜섬웨어 감염 확산에 따른 기업 보안점검 권고

기본 관리자 패스워드를 사용하거나, 보안 업데이트 미적용 ##### □ 보안 권고 사항 o 서버 보안 강화 방안 - 보안 지원이 종료된 운영체제 및 소프트웨어는 신속하게 업그레이드를 수행하고, 매월 운영체제 및 주요 프로그램(메일, 웹, JAVA 등)의 보안 업데이트 확인적용 - 기본 원격포트(22. 3389) 사용을 자제하고, OTP 등을 통한 추가 인증 강화 - VPN 장비를 운영하는 경우, 허가된 사용자와 단말기만 업무망에 접근할 수 있도록 설정하고 OTP 등을 통한 추가 인증 강화 - 다수의 서버를 운영하는 경우 내부 서버 간 원격접속이 불가능 하도록 접근제어설정 - 주요 관리자 PC에 대한 주기적인 보안 점검 및 인터넷망 분리 운영 - 랜섬웨어 감염에 대비한 기업의 보안점검 권고 ☞ 특히 아래의 취약점을 이용하여 감염되는 사례가 있으니 반드시 보안 업데이트 등 조치 필요 (1) 윈도우 Exchange 서버 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고 (CVE-2020-0688) (2) 윈도우 RDP 원격코드실행 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고 (CVE-2019-0708) (3) 유닉스/리눅스 계열 운영체제 Sudo 명령어 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고 (CVE-2019-14287) (4) 펄스시큐어社 VPN 제품 취약점으로 원격에서 세션 탈취가 가능한 취약점 (CVE-2019-11540) o PC 보안 강화 방안 - 피싱 메일에 주의하고 본문 링크 클릭, 첨부파일 다운로드, 실행에 주의 - P2P 프로그램 사용 시, 다운로드 받은 파일에 대한 확장자 확인* 후 실행 * 확장자명이 실행 파일(.exe 등) 인 경우, 악성코드일 가능성이 높으므로 백신점검 및 삭제 - 매월 운영체제 및 주요 프로그램(웹브라우저, Flash, Java 등)의 보안 업데이트 확인적용 - 상용 메일을 통한 주요 업무 자료 송수신 금지 ※ 불가피한 경우, OTP 설정 및 허가된 사용자 단말기 추가 등을 통해 인증 강화 o NAS 보안 강화 방안 - 최초 설치 시 기본 관리자 패스워드는 반드시 변경 후 사용 - 자동 업데이트를 활성화하여 최신 펌웨어 유지 - 인터넷을 통한 직접 접속은 차단하고, 사내망에서 운영 권고 ※ 불가피한 경우, 장비의 비밀번호 관리 및 백업, 보안 업데이트 등 철저한 관리 필요 ☞ 특히 아래의 취약점을 이용하여 감염되는 사례가 있으니 반드시 보안 업데이트 등 조치 필요 (1) QNAP社 PhotoStation 제품 등 관리자 권한탈취 취약점 (CVE-2019-7192 ~ CVE-2019-7195) o 공통 보안 강화 방안 - 중요 파일 및 문서 등은 네트워크와 분리된 오프라인 백업 권고 - 자료유출에 대비해서 DRM 등 문서암호화

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-5188랜섬웨어 감염에 대비한 기업의 보안점검 권고

기본 관리자 패스워드를 사용하거나, 보안 업데이트 미적용 ##### □ 보안 권고 사항 o 서버 보안 강화 방안 - 보안 지원이 종료된 운영체제 및 소프트웨어는 신속하게 업그레이드를 수행하고, 매월 운영체제 및 주요 프로그램(메일, 웹, JAVA 등)의 보안 업데이트 확인적용 - 기본 원격포트(22. 3389) 사용을 자제하고, OTP 등을 통한 추가 인증 강화 - VPN 장비를 운영하는 경우, 허가된 사용자와 단말기만 업무망에 접근할 수 있도록 설정하고 OTP 등을 통한 추가 인증 강화 - 다수의 서버를 운영하는 경우 내부 서버 간 원격접속이 불가능 하도록 접근제어설정 - 주요 관리자 PC에 대한 주기적인 보안 점검 및 인터넷망 분리 운영 - 랜섬웨어 감염에 대비한 기업의 보안점검 권고 ☞ 특히 아래의 취약점을 이용하여 감염되는 사례가 있으니 반드시 보안 업데이트 등 조치 필요 (1) 윈도우 Exchange 서버 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고 (CVE-2020-0688) (2) 윈도우 RDP 원격코드실행 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고 (CVE-2019-0708) (3) 유닉스/리눅스 계열 운영체제 Sudo 명령어 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고 (CVE-2019-14287) (4) 펄스시큐어社 VPN 제품 취약점으로 원격에서 세션 탈취가 가능한 취약점 (CVE-2019-11540) o PC 보안 강화 방안 - 피싱 메일에 주의하고 본문 링크 클릭, 첨부파일 다운로드, 실행에 주의 - P2P 프로그램 사용 시, 다운로드 받은 파일에 대한 확장자 확인* 후 실행 * 확장자명이 실행 파일(.exe 등) 인 경우, 악성코드일 가능성이 높으므로 백신점검 및 삭제 - 매월 운영체제 및 주요 프로그램(웹브라우저, Flash, Java 등)의 보안 업데이트 확인적용 - 상용 메일을 통한 주요 업무 자료 송수신 금지 ※ 불가피한 경우, OTP 설정 및 허가된 사용자 단말기 추가 등을 통해 인증 강화 o NAS 보안 강화 방안 - 최초 설치 시 기본 관리자 패스워드는 반드시 변경 후 사용 - 자동 업데이트를 활성화하여 최신 펌웨어 유지 - 인터넷을 통한 직접 접속은 차단하고, 사내망에서 운영 권고 ※ 불가피한 경우, 장비의 비밀번호 관리 및 백업, 보안 업데이트 등 철저한 관리 필요 ☞ 특히 아래의 취약점을 이용하여 감염되는 사례가 있으니 반드시 보안 업데이트 등 조치 필요 o QNAP社 PhotoStation 제품 등 관리자 권한탈취 취약점 (CVE-2019-7192 ~ CVE-2019-7195) o 공통 보안 강화 방안 - 중요 파일 및 문서 등은 네트워크와 분리된 오프라인 백업 권고 - 자료유출에 대비해서 DRM 등 문서암호화 보안

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-5049VPN 제품 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고

펄스시큐어의 Pulse Policy Secure(PPS)에서 인증되지 않은 사용자가 원격에서 세션 탈취가 가능한 취약점(CVE-2019-11540) 외 4개 [3]

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
n/a
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 26 Apr 2019 · Last source change 4 Aug 2024, 22:55 UTC · CWE not yet assigned

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-09-01
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2019-3211
Product sourceUnavailable
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceUnavailable
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: CWE classification, affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. ENISA EUVD mappingEUVD-2019-3211 was added to the official ENISA EUVD mapping for this CVE.
    Before
    not recorded
    After
    {"euvdId":"EUVD-2019-3211"}
    ENISA EUVD ↗
  2. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added vendor advisory: kb.pulsesecure.net/SA44101.
    Before
    no authoritative guidance recorded
    After
    vendor advisory: kb.pulsesecure.net/SA44101
    kb.pulsesecure.net ↗
  3. Public exploit evidencePublic exploit evidence changed from No public exploit to Public exploit reference.
    Before
    No public exploit
    After
    Public exploit reference
    i.blackhat.com ↗
  4. SeveritySeverity changed from High to Critical.
    Before
    High
    After
    Critical
    NIST NVD ↗
  5. CVSS scoreCVSS score changed from 8.3 (CVSS 3.0 · CNA · CVSS:3.0/AC:H/AV:N/A:H/C:H/I:H/PR:N/S:C/UI:R) to 9.8 (CVSS 3.1 · NIST NVD · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
    Before
    8.3 (CVSS 3.0 · CNA · CVSS:3.0/AC:H/AV:N/A:H/C:H/I:H/PR:N/S:C/UI:R)
    After
    9.8 (CVSS 3.1 · NIST NVD · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
    NIST NVD ↗
  6. Catalogue recordCVE added to the BlackTree catalogue.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2019-3211↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Public exploit reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2019-11540 · cve.blacktree.nl