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Full vulnerability report · 2018
CVE-2018-4228High confidence

It allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context via a crafted app that leverages a race condition

n/a · n/a

7.0HighCVSS 3.0
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Select the national-authority views to include. The exact source language is shown on each matched advisory. Your choice is remembered on this device and encoded in the shareable URL.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2018-16014

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. macOS before 10.13.5 is affected. The issue involves the "IOFireWireAVC" component. It allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context via a crafted app that leverages a race condition.

What

An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. macOS before 10.13.5 is affected. The issue involves the "IOFireWireAVC" component. It allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context via a crafted app that leverages a race condition.

Why

The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

What

An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. macOS before 10.13.5 is affected. The issue involves the "IOFireWireAVC" component. It allows attackers to execute arbitrary code in a privileged context via a crafted app that leverages a race condition.

Why

The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation without authentication after a user interaction. If successful, the issue may execute code or commands in the affected security context.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
local access → Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition') → execute code or commands in the affected security context
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
Required interaction required
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-362 ↗

CWE-362: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition'). The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UIRequiredUser interaction: Another user must perform an action for exploitation to succeed.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
After compromise, an attacker may use built-in shells, scripting engines, scheduled tasks and native network utilities for discovery, persistence or movement. This is a plausible LoTL path, not evidence that it has occurred for every attack.
UnauthenticatedRemote code executionCWE-362
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV18-088Apple security updates

to recently released security updates by Apple. Assessment Apple has released security updates for vulnerabilities in various Apple products. Affected Products: iCloud for Windows Safari macOS El Capitan Sierra macOS High Sierra CVE Reference:  CVE-2018-4141, CVE-2018-4159, CVE-2018-4171, CVE-2018-4184, CVE-2018-4188, CVE-2018-4190, CVE-2018-4192, CVE-2018-4193, CVE-2018-4196, CVE-2018-4198, CVE-2018-4199, CVE-2018-4200, CVE-2018-4201, CVE-2018-4202, CVE-2018-4204, CVE-2018-4205, CVE-2018-4211, CVE-2018-4214, CVE-2018-4218, CVE-2018-4219, CVE-2018-4221, CVE-2018-4222, CVE-2018-4223, CVE-2018-4224, CVE-2018-4225, CVE-2018-4226, CVE-2018-4227, CVE-2018-4228, CVE-2018-4229, CVE-2018-4230, CVE-2018-4232, CVE-2018-4233, CVE-2018-4234, CVE-2018-4235, CVE-2018-4236, CVE-2018-4237, CVE-2018-4240, CVE-2018-4241, CVE-2018-4242, CVE-2018-4243, CVE-2018-4246, CVE-2018-4247, CVE-2018-4249, CVE-2018-4251, CVE-2018-4253, CVE-2018-7584, CVE-2018-8897 Suggested Action CCIRC recommends that system administrators test and deploy the vendor-released updates to affected applications accordingly. References: https://support.apple.com/en-ca/HT201222

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2018-AVI-266Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Apple

.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4218 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4219 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4219 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4221 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4221 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4222 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4222 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4223 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4223 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4224 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4224 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4225 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4225 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4226 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4226 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4227 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4227 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4228 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4228 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4229 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4229 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4230 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4230 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4232 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4232 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4233 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4233 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4234 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4234 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4235 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4235 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4236 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4236 Référence CVE CVE-2018-4237 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-4237 Ré

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2018-005805Apple macOS の IOFireWireAVC コンポーネントにおける特権付きコンテキスト内で任意のコードを実行される脆弱性

Apple macOS の IOFireWireAVC コンポーネントには、特権付きコンテキスト内で任意のコードを実行される脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
n/a: n/a
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 8 Jun 2018 · Last source change 5 Aug 2024, 05:11 UTC · CWE-362 · Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-09-01
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2018-16014
Product sourceCNA
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed from no authoritative guidance recorded to vendor advisory.
    Before
    no authoritative guidance recorded
    After
    vendor advisory
    af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 ↗
  2. SeveritySeverity changed from Unknown to High.
    Before
    Unknown
    After
    High
    NIST NVD ↗
  3. CVSS scoreCVSS score changed from not recorded to 7.0 (CVSS 3.0 · NIST NVD · CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
    Before
    not recorded
    After
    7.0 (CVSS 3.0 · NIST NVD · CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
    NIST NVD ↗
  4. ENISA EUVD mappingEUVD-2018-16014 was added to the official ENISA EUVD mapping for this CVE.
    Before
    not recorded
    After
    {"euvdId":"EUVD-2018-16014"}
    ENISA EUVD ↗
  5. Catalogue recordCVE added to the BlackTree catalogue.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2018-16014↗Vendor advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2018-4228 · cve.blacktree.nl