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Full vulnerability report · 2017
CVE-2017-12615High confidence

Apache Tomcat on Windows Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Apache · Tomcat

Official source article: Red Hat RHSA-2017:3113 ↗. Check the applicable product and release in the original source.

8.1HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Patch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2022-04-15 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 25 Mar 2022

Evidence used

  • CISA confirms exploitation in the wild.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 99.64% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Apache Tomcat and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Open-source package ranges1 source-attributed range

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.797.0.79GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 22 Oct 2025
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2018-0654

CISA KEV mirrored by ENISA

When running Apache Tomcat 7.0.0 to 7.0.79 on Windows with HTTP PUTs enabled (e.g. via setting the readonly initialisation parameter of the Default to false) it was possible to upload a JSP file to the server via a specially crafted request. This JSP could then be requested and any code it contained would be executed by the server.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Recorded by ENISA since 25 Mar 2022. Evidence sources: cisa_kev.
ENISA score
8.1 · CVSS 3.1
Advisory evidence
8 linked advisory records
Explicit mitigation evidence

Only statements that explicitly mention a fix, patch, update, workaround or mitigation are shown here.

  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2017:3113Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat JBoss Web Server security and bug fix update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2017:3081Red Hat Security Advisory: tomcat security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2017:3114Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat JBoss Web Server security and bug fix update
  • csaf_suse · SUSE-SU-2017:3059-1Security update for tomcat
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2018:0466Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat JBoss Web Server 3.1.0 Service Pack 2 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2018:0465Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat JBoss Web Server 3.1.0 Service Pack 2 security update
  • csaf_redhat · RHSA-2017:3080Red Hat Security Advisory: tomcat6 security update
Recommended actionPatch now

CISA confirms exploitation in the wild and lists 2022-04-15 as the remediation due date.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

When running Apache Tomcat on Windows with HTTP PUTs enabled, it is possible to upload a JSP file to the server via a specially crafted request. This JSP could then be requested and any code it contained would be executed by the server.

What

When running Apache Tomcat on Windows with HTTP PUTs enabled, it is possible to upload a JSP file to the server via a specially crafted request. This JSP could then be requested and any code it contained would be executed by the server.

Why

The upload path does not sufficiently restrict the type, name, location or later execution of attacker-supplied files.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

When running Apache Tomcat on Windows with HTTP PUTs enabled, it is possible to upload a JSP file to the server via a specially crafted request. This JSP could then be requested and any code it contained would be executed by the server.

Why

The upload path does not sufficiently restrict the type, name, location or later execution of attacker-supplied files.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Confirmed in the wild

CISA added this CVE to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue on 2022-03-25. Known ransomware campaign use is recorded.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
High: exploitation depends on specific conditions
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-434 ↗

CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type. The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACHighAttack complexity: Successful exploitation depends on specific conditions outside the attacker's direct control.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.IHighIntegrity impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.AHighAvailability impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-434CISA KEVPublic exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2018-0654Known-exploited evidence recorded

When running Apache Tomcat 7.0.0 to 7.0.79 on Windows with HTTP PUTs enabled (e.g. via setting the readonly initialisation parameter of the Default to false) it was possible to upload a JSP file to the server via a specially crafted request. This JSP could then be requested and any code it contained would be executed by the server.

Official EUVD record ↗
BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-0423Apache Tomcat: Mehrere Schwachstellen

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Apache Tomcat ausnutzen, um beliebigen Programmcode auszuführen, Sicherheitsmechanismen zu umgehen oder Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2017-AVI-314Multiples vulnérabilités dans Apache Tomcat

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été corrigées dans Apache Tomcat . Elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2017-008358Apache Tomcat における危険なタイプのファイルの無制限アップロードに関する脆弱性

Apache Tomcat には、危険なタイプのファイルの無制限アップロードに関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
KISA KrCERT/CC · Korean · KNVD-4818Apache Tomcat 신규 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고

#### Apache Tomcat 신규 취약점 보안 업데이트 권고 2017.09.20 ##### □ 개요 o Apache 소프트웨어 재단은 Apache Tomcat에 영향을 주는 원격 코드 실행, 정보 노출 취약점을 해결한 보안 업데이트 발표 o 취약점 버전을 사용 중인 서버의 담당자는 해결 방안에 따라 최신 버전으로 업데이트 권고 ##### □ 주요 내용 o PUT 메소드를 사용하여 Windows에 HTTP 요청을 보낼 때 이를 조작하여 jsp 파일을 서버에 업로드할 수 있는 원격 코드 실행 취약점(CVE-2017-12615) o VirtualDirContext 클래스 사용 시 해당 클래스가 제공하는 리소스에 대해 보안 정책을 우회하여 jsp 소스 코드를 볼 수 있는 정보 노출 취약점(CVE-2017-12616) ##### □ 영향을 받는 시스템 o CVE-2017-12615 - Apache Tomcat 7.0.0 ~ 7.0.79 o CVE-2017-1216 - Apache Tomcat 7.0.0 ~ 7.0.80 ##### □ 해결 방안 o Apache Tomcat 7.x 버전 사용자 - Apache Tomcat 7.0.81 버전으로 업그레이드 [1] ##### □ 기타 문의사항 o 한국인터넷진흥원 인터넷침해대응센터: 국번없이 118 [참고사이트] [1] http://tomcat.apache.org/security-7.html

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Apache Tomcat: 7.0.0 to 7.0.79
Fixed
An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
Action
Review the linked authoritative reference and apply the recorded fixed release appropriate to the affected product branch.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 19 Sept 2017 · Last source change 6 Aug 2026, 03:55 UTC · CWE-434 · Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.2
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-09-01
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2018-0654
Product sourceCISA KEV
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceCISA ADP
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. ENISA known-exploited stateENISA EUVD now records this CVE in its known-exploited dataset.
    Before
    not listed in ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset
    After
    listed in ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset (EUVD-2018-0654)
    ENISA EUVD ↗
  2. ENISA EUVD mappingEUVD-2018-0654 was added to the official ENISA EUVD mapping for this CVE.
    Before
    not recorded
    After
    {"euvdId":"EUVD-2018-0654"}
    ENISA EUVD ↗
  3. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    7.0.0 to 7.0.79 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    Apache Tomcat: 7.0.0 to 7.0.79 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
  4. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added patch: lists.apache.org/388a323769f1dff84c9ec905455aa73fbcb20338e3c7eb131457f708@<dev.tomcat.apache.org>; added patch: lists.apache.org/3d19773b4cf0377db62d1e9328bf9160bf1819f04f988315086931d7@<dev.tomcat.apache.org>; removed vendor advisory: access.redhat.com/RHSA-2017:3080; removed vendor advisory: access.redhat.com/RHSA-2017:3081; 3 further additions; 4 further removals.
    Before
    vendor advisory: access.redhat.com/RHSA-2017:3080 · vendor advisory: access.redhat.com/RHSA-2017:3081 · vendor advisory: access.redhat.com/RHSA-2017:3113 · 3 more references
    After
    patch: lists.apache.org/388a323769f1dff84c9ec905455aa73fbcb20338e3c7eb131457f708@<dev.tomcat.apache.org> · patch: lists.apache.org/3d19773b4cf0377db62d1e9328bf9160bf1819f04f988315086931d7@<dev.tomcat.apache.org> · patch: lists.apache.org/845312a10aabbe2c499fca94003881d2c79fc993d85f34c1f5c77424@<dev.tomcat.apache.org> · 2 more references
    lists.apache.org ↗
  5. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    7.0.0 to 7.0.79 · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
    After
    7.0.0 to 7.0.79 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    CNA ↗
  6. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Patch available
    lists.apache.org ↗
  7. Public exploit evidencePublic exploit evidence changed from Public exploit reference to Public exploit reference.
    Before
    Public exploit reference
    After
    Public exploit reference
    breaktoprotect.blogspot.com ↗
  8. CVSS scoreCVSS scoring authority changed from CISA ADP to NIST NVD; the displayed base score remained 8.1.
    Before
    8.1 (CVSS 3.1 · CISA ADP · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
    After
    8.1 (CVSS 3.1 · NIST NVD · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
    NIST NVD ↗
  9. Catalogue recordCVE added to the BlackTree catalogue.
    CNA ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Added to CISA KEV
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2018-0654↗CISA KEV record↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗Patch or update reference↗CVE authority or vendor reference · Red Hat RHSA-2017:3113↗Public exploit reference↗Public exploit reference↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2017-12615 · cve.blacktree.nl