BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
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Full vulnerability report · 2016
CVE-2016-4578High confidence

Affected product: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Unknown · Unknown

5.5MediumCVSS 3.0
Recommended action
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityMediumOperational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • Exploitation requires an existing local or physical foothold with privileges.
  • EPSS is 1.20% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Apply the linked authoritative mitigation while planning the permanent fix.
  • Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: As exposure requiresRemediation target: Within 365 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Cross-source reconciliation

Remediation availability differs by product scope

Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

11 package states
Package result overrides the generic status

BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 7 affected package states shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.

Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourcelinuxVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.5.5-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourcelinuxVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.5.5-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourcelinuxVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.5.5-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourcelinuxVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.4.5.5-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-azure-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-gcp-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-hwe-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11Affected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-raspi-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-realtimeAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archivelinux-riscvAffected, no fix publishedCanonical OVAL identifies this running kernel flavour as affected and does not publish a fixed package version in this definition.Not published in this feedCanonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 5 Oct 2026
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2016-5564

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionPatch only the product branches with a verified fix

Medium technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 7 structured product or package states remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.

Fix availability varies by product
01

What, why and how

sound/core/timer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.6 does not initialize certain r1 data structures, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory via crafted use of the ALSA timer interface, related to the (1) snd_timer_user_ccallback and (2) snd_timer_user_tinterrupt functions.

What

sound/core/timer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.6 does not initialize certain r1 data structures, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory via crafted use of the ALSA timer interface, related to the (1) snd_timer_user_ccallback and (2) snd_timer_user_tinterrupt functions.

Why

The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may obtain information outside the intended access boundary.

What

sound/core/timer.c in the Linux kernel through 4.6 does not initialize certain r1 data structures, which allows local users to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory via crafted use of the ALSA timer interface, related to the (1) snd_timer_user_ccallback and (2) snd_timer_user_tinterrupt functions.

Why

The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.

How

An attacker operating through local access may attempt exploitation with low privileges. If successful, the issue may obtain information outside the intended access boundary.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
local access → Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor → obtain information outside the intended access boundary
Attack surface
Local
Privileges required
Low: a basic authenticated account is required
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-200 ↗

CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor. The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVLocalAttack vector: The attacker needs local access to the vulnerable system.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRLowPrivileges required: The attacker needs basic user-level privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
The issue can support a local privilege or sandbox boundary transition; normal system utilities may then be available in the gained context.
CWE-200Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2024-0147Linux Kernel: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Offenlegung von Informationen

Ein entfernter, authentisierter Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Linux Kernel ausnutzen, um Informationen offenzulegen.

Official advisory ↗
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security · English · AV16-123Android security bulletin – August 2016

546, CVE-2016-2842, CVE-2016-3672, CVE-2016-3819, CVE-2016-3820, CVE-2016-3821, CVE-2016-3822, CVE-2016-3823, CVE-2016-3824, CVE-2016-3825, CVE-2016-3826, CVE-2016-3827, CVE-2016-3828, CVE-2016-3829, CVE-2016-3830, CVE-2016-3831, CVE-2016-3832, CVE-2016-3833, CVE-2016-3834, CVE-2016-3835, CVE-2016-3836, CVE-2016-3837, CVE-2016-3838, CVE-2016-3839, CVE-2016-3840, CVE-2016-3841, CVE-2016-3842, CVE-2016-3843, CVE-2016-3844, CVE-2016-3845, CVE-2016-3846, CVE-2016-3847, CVE-2016-3848, CVE-2016-3849, CVE-2016-3850, CVE-2016-3851, CVE-2016-3852, CVE-2016-3853, CVE-2016-3854, CVE-2016-3855, CVE-2016-3856, CVE-2016-3857, CVE-2016-4482, CVE-2016-4569, CVE-2016-4578 Suggested action CCIRC recommends that system administrators look with their respected Android phone vendor and carrier when the update will be available and test and deploy the vendor-released updates to affected applications accordingly. References Android web site: https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-08-01.html

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2017-AVI-034Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux de SUSE

.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-1583 Référence CVE CVE-2016-2187 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-2187 Référence CVE CVE-2016-2189 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-2189 Référence CVE CVE-2016-3841 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3841 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4470 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4470 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4482 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4482 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4485 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4485 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4565 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4569 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4569 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4578 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4578 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4580 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4580 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4805 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4805 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4913 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4913 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4997 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4997 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4998 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4998 Référence CVE CVE-2016-5244 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-5244 Référence CVE CVE-2016-5829 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-5829 Référence CVE CVE-2016-6480 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-6480 Ré

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2016-AVI-267Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux SUSE

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été corrigées dans le noyau Linux SUSE . Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer un problème de sécurité non spécifié par l'éditeur, un déni de service et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2016-AVI-257Multiples vulnérabilités dans Google Android (Nexus)

.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3851 Référence CVE CVE-2016-3852 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3852 Référence CVE CVE-2016-3853 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3853 Référence CVE CVE-2016-3854 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3854 Référence CVE CVE-2016-3855 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3855 Référence CVE CVE-2016-3856 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3856 Référence CVE CVE-2016-3857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3857 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4482 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4482 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4569 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4569 Référence CVE CVE-2016-4578 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4578 Gestion détaillée du document le 02 août 2016 version initiale. Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2016-AVI-220Multiples vulnérabilités dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu

De multiples vulnérabilités ont été corrigées dans le noyau Linux d'Ubuntu . Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire, un déni de service et une atteinte à la confidentialité des données.

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2016-002885Linux Kernel の sound/core/timer.c におけるカーネルスタックメモリから重要な情報を取得される脆弱性

Linux Kernel の sound/core/timer.c は、特定の r1 データ構造を適切に初期化しないため、カーネルスタックメモリから重要な情報を取得される脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix availability varies by product
Affected
n/a
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 23 May 2016 · Last source change 6 Aug 2024, 00:32 UTC · CWE-200 · Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-09-01
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2016-5564
Product sourceUnavailable
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. ENISA EUVD mappingEUVD-2016-5564 was added to the official ENISA EUVD mapping for this CVE.
    Before
    not recorded
    After
    {"euvdId":"EUVD-2016-5564"}
    ENISA EUVD ↗
  2. Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added vendor advisory: git.kernel.org/commit?id=9a47e9cff994f37f7f0dbd9ae23740d0f64f9fe6; added vendor advisory: git.kernel.org/commit?id=e4ec8cc8039a7063e24204299b462bd1383184a5; removed vendor advisory: debian.org/dsa-3607; removed vendor advisory: lists.opensuse.org/msg00000.html; 2 further additions; 20 further removals.
    Before
    vendor advisory: debian.org/dsa-3607 · vendor advisory: lists.opensuse.org/msg00000.html · vendor advisory: lists.opensuse.org/msg00007.html · 19 more references
    After
    vendor advisory: git.kernel.org/commit?id=9a47e9cff994f37f7f0dbd9ae23740d0f64f9fe6 · vendor advisory: git.kernel.org/commit?id=e4ec8cc8039a7063e24204299b462bd1383184a5 · vendor advisory: github.com/9a47e9cff994f37f7f0dbd9ae23740d0f64f9fe6 · 1 more references
    git.kernel.org ↗
  3. SeveritySeverity changed from Unknown to Medium.
    Before
    Unknown
    After
    Medium
    NIST NVD ↗
  4. CVSS scoreCVSS score changed from not recorded to 5.5 (CVSS 3.0 · NIST NVD · CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
    Before
    not recorded
    After
    5.5 (CVSS 3.0 · NIST NVD · CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N)
    NIST NVD ↗
  5. Catalogue recordCVE added to the BlackTree catalogue.
    CNA ↗
  6. Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Mitigation available.
    Before
    Awaiting fix
    After
    Mitigation available
    Canadian Centre for Cyber Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Remediation guidance recorded
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2016-5564↗Canadian Centre for Cyber Security remediation guidance↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗Vendor advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2016-4578 · cve.blacktree.nl