BlackTreeCVE Intelligence
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Full vulnerability report · 2020
CVE-2012-6685High confidence

Nokogiri before 1.5.4 is vulnerable to XXE attacks

Unknown · Unknown

7.5HighCVSS 3.1
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:Critical, raised one band.upgradedsince 6 Aug 2024

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • A structured source references public exploit or proof-of-concept material.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 2.17% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Increase monitoring for the attack path and post-exploitation behaviour described in the report.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Recheck the vendor advisory before scheduling a change because no verified fixed version is currently retained.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 3 daysRemediation target: Within 90 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

4 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourceruby-nokogiriVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.5.4-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 24 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourceruby-nokogiriVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.5.4-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 24 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourceruby-nokogiriVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.5.4-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 24 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourceruby-nokogiriVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.1.5.4-1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 24 Oct 2026
Open-source package ranges2 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
RubyGemsnokogiriECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 1.5.41.5.4OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 8 Nov 2023
rubygemsnokogiri< 1.5.41.5.4GitHub advisory ↗github reviewed aggregator · 6 Mar 2023
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2022-1656

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity with public exploit material referenced by a structured source; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Fix not verified
01

What, why and how

Nokogiri before 1.5.4 is vulnerable to XXE attacks

What

Nokogiri before 1.5.4 is vulnerable to XXE attacks

Why

The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

What

Nokogiri before 1.5.4 is vulnerable to XXE attacks

Why

The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
Reference recorded

A structured CVE source labels at least one public reference as exploit material. BlackTree has not independently validated that it is safe, reliable or weaponised.

Likely attack path
a network path → Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion') → cause the confidentiality, integrity or availability impact described by the vendor
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Unchanged: impact remains within the vulnerable component's security authority
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-776 ↗

CWE-776: Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion'). The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 3.1: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.SUnchangedScope: The security impact remains within the vulnerable component's authority.CHighConfidentiality impact: A successful attack can cause a major loss.INoneIntegrity impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.ANoneAvailability impact: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedCWE-776Public exploit reference
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2015-AVI-354Multiples vulnérabilités dans Apple iOS

ement de la politique de sécurité Déni de service Exécution de code arbitraire à distance Élévation de privilèges Systèmes affectés iOS versions antérieures à 8.4.1 Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été corrigées dans Apple iOS . Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un déni de service et un contournement de la politique de sécurité. Solution Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité Apple HT205030 du 13 août 2015 https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT205030 Référence CVE CVE-2012-6685 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2012-6685 Référence CVE CVE-2014-0191 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2014-0191 Référence CVE CVE-2014-3660 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2014-3660 Référence CVE CVE-2015-3729 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-3729 Référence CVE CVE-2015-3730 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-3730 Référence CVE CVE-2015-3731 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-3731 Référence CVE CVE-2015-3732 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-3732 Référence CVE CVE-2015-3733 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-3733 Référence CVE CVE-2015-3734 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-3734 Ré

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2015-AVI-355Multiples vulnérabilités dans Apple OS X

10.10.5 Résumé De multiples vulnérabilités ont été corrigées dans Apple OS X . Certaines d'entre elles permettent à un attaquant de provoquer une exécution de code arbitraire à distance, un déni de service à distance et une atteinte à l'intégrité des données. Solution Se référer au bulletin de sécurité de l'éditeur pour l'obtention des correctifs (cf. section Documentation). Documentation Bulletin de sécurité Apple HT205031 du 13 août 2015 https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT205031 Référence CVE CVE-2009-5044 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2009-5044 Référence CVE CVE-2009-5078 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2009-5078 Référence CVE CVE-2012-6685 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2012-6685 Référence CVE CVE-2013-1775 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-1775 Référence CVE CVE-2013-1776 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-1776 Référence CVE CVE-2013-2776 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-2776 Référence CVE CVE-2013-2777 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-2777 Référence CVE CVE-2013-7040 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-7040 Référence CVE CVE-2013-7338 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-7338 Référence CVE CVE-2013-7422 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2013-7422 Référence CVE CVE-2014-0067 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2014-0067 Ré

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Fix not verified
Affected
n/a
Fixed
No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
Action
No verified patch reference is present in the current structured sources. Check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
Official vendor articles1 stored document

Linked articles are downloaded and versioned as source evidence. A CVE mention or approved update relationship does not, by itself, verify a fix for every product branch.

  • About the security content of Apple TV 7.2.1 - Apple Support →Original publisher ↗Searchable text snapshot · Captured 17 Oct 2026Apple Store Mac iPad iPhone Watch Vision AirPods Home Entertainment Accessories Support 0 + "},{"name":"compact","assetInline":" "}],"analyticsAttributes":[{"name":"data-analytics-title","value":"apple home"}]},{"id":"ad4a2a26eb4836393385e9f6c61b526b4a3cb31409c5ed8730ce7a704dd7132f","name":"store","text":"
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 19 Feb 2020 · Last source change 6 Aug 2024, 21:36 UTC · CWE-776 · Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-1656
Product sourceUnavailable
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment

Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗

No material field changes have been recorded since change tracking began. Routine source refreshes and cosmetic edits are intentionally excluded.

Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2022-1656↗Vendor advisory↗Public exploit reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2012-6685 · cve.blacktree.nl