Evidence used
- No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
- EPSS is 3.56% for the current model date.
BlackTreeCVE IntelligenceFull vulnerability report · 2012
CVE-2012-1148High confidence
Affected product: security vulnerability
Unknown · Unknown
5.0MediumCVSS 2.0
Patch only the product branches with a verified fix
Fix availability varies by productMedium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
R
Open reassessment dashboard →Operational reassessment
Published severity in operational context
Published severityMedium→Operational priority:Medium, unchanged from published severity.unchanged
Compensating controls
- Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
- Restrict local access and enforce least privilege on affected hosts.
- Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.
Verification
- Confirm that the asset runs Unknown Unknown and falls inside the recorded affected range.
- Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
- Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
- Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Remediation availability differs by product scope
Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
- Debian Security Tracker: 1 affected package state with no published fix
Distribution package intelligence
13 package statesRelease-specific package status
Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.
Package result overrides the generic status
BlackTree has verified remediation for at least one product or source, but the relevant distribution still reports no fixed package for 1 affected package state shown here. Treat those rows as affected with no fix until that distribution publishes a fixed version.
Repository candidate not checked
A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.
| Distribution release | Source package | Vendor state | Fixed version | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian trixietrixie · source | expat | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 2.1.0~beta3-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Debian trixietrixie · source | xmlrpc-c | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 1.16.33-3.2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | expat | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 2.1.0~beta3-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | libxmltok | Affected, no fix publishedDebian currently tracks this release as open. | Not published in this feed | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Debian bookwormbookworm · source | xmlrpc-c | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 1.16.33-3.2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | expat | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 2.1.0~beta3-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Debian forkyforky · source | xmlrpc-c | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 1.16.33-3.2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | expat | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 2.1.0~beta3-1 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Debian sidsid · source | xmlrpc-c | Vendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release. | 1.16.33-3.2 | Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-apps | libxmltok | Vendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree. | 1.2-4.1ubuntu2.24.0.4.1+esm3 | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 2 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · esm-apps | swish-e | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 2 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | cadaver | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 2 Oct 2026 |
| Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archive | matanza | Under evaluationCanonical reports that the package might be affected and still needs evaluation or fixing. | Not published in this feed | Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 2 Oct 2026 |
Direct vendor intelligence
0 current · 1 archivedAuthoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories
Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.
CVE-2012-1148 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securityexpat: Memory leak in poolGrowNo longer in the provider’s current catalogue
The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat Directory Server 8
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
- xmlrpc-c.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
- compat-expat1 as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- compat-expat1.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- mingw32-expat.src as a component of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Core Services
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Web Server 2
- expat.src as a component of Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Web Server 3
- Summary
- A memory leak flaw was found in Expat. If an XML file processed by an application linked against Expat triggered a memory re-allocation failure, Expat failed to free the previously allocated memory. This could cause the application to exit unexpectedly or crash when all available memory is exhausted.
- Remediation
- Before applying this update, make sure all previously-released errata relevant to your system have been applied. This update is available via the Red Hat Network. Details on how to use the Red Hat Network to apply this update are available at https://access.redhat.com/knowledge/articles/11258
Medium technical severity with no CISA KEV confirmation; remediate through the normal risk-based patch cycle unless local exposure raises the priority. Verified remediation exists for at least one product or source, but 1 structured product or package state remain unresolved. Apply remediation only to the exact product branch confirmed by its source.
Fix availability varies by product01
What, why and how
Memory leak in the poolGrow function in expat/lib/xmlparse.c in expat before 2.1.0 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a large number of crafted XML files that cause improperly-handled reallocation failures when expanding entities.
What
Memory leak in the poolGrow function in expat/lib/xmlparse.c in expat before 2.1.0 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a large number of crafted XML files that cause improperly-handled reallocation failures when expanding entities.
Why
The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.
How
An attacker operating through the affected interface may attempt exploitation when the stated preconditions are met. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.
What
Memory leak in the poolGrow function in expat/lib/xmlparse.c in expat before 2.1.0 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a large number of crafted XML files that cause improperly-handled reallocation failures when expanding entities.
Why
The current structured CVE record identifies a security weakness, but the root cause requires confirmation in the linked vendor material.
How
An attacker operating through the affected interface may attempt exploitation when the stated preconditions are met. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.
02
Exploit reality and attack path
CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.
Observed exploitation No confirmed evidence
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.
Public PoC / exploit material None recorded
?
Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.
- Likely attack path
- the affected interface → vulnerable operation → disrupt the affected service
- Attack surface
- Unspecified
- Privileges required
- None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
- User interaction
- Not stated in the selected CVSS metric
- Attack complexity
- Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
- Security boundary
- Not stated in the selected CVSS metric
- Weakness
?
CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness. - CWE-399 ↗
CWE-399. Open the MITRE definition for the exact weakness description.
- CVSS vector
?
CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity. AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P- Post-exploitation / living off the land
- No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
03
Patch and workaround
Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.
- Status
?
Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change. - Fix availability varies by product
- Affected
- n/a: n/a
- Action
- Use the product-specific evidence above. Patch only products with a verified fixed release, and keep every affected or under-investigation state without a matching fix in the remediation queue.
- Workaround
- No verified workaround is recorded. Limit untrusted access and use least privilege until authoritative guidance is available.
04
Evidence and provenance
Published 3 Jul 2012 · Last source change 6 Aug 2024, 18:45 UTC · CWE-399
CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceNIST NVD
EPSS source FIRST · tracked since 2026-09-13
?
The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2012-1182
Product sourceUnavailable
Remediation sourceCVE/CNA references
CWE sourceNIST NVD
NVD statusNVD modified after enrichment
Missing structured fields: affected product. Missing data is not evidence of low risk; review the primary advisory.
Material change intelligence
View recent updates ↗What changed after publication
- Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed from remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2012-1148 to advisory no longer present in the provider's current catalogue.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- remediation: access.redhat.com/CVE-2012-1148
- After
- advisory no longer present in the provider's current catalogue
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.Red Hat Product Security ↗
- Before
- n/a: n/a · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
- After
- n/a: n/a · Fixed: Before applying this update, make sure all previously-released errata relevant to your system have been applied. This update is available via the Red Hat Network. Details on how to use the Red Hat Network to apply this update are available at https://access.redhat.com/knowledge/articles/11258
- ENISA EUVD mappingEUVD-2012-1182 was added to the official ENISA EUVD mapping for this CVE.ENISA EUVD ↗
- Before
- not recorded
- After
- {"euvdId":"EUVD-2012-1182"}
- Vendor guidanceAuthoritative vendor guidance changed: added patch: expat.cvs.sourceforge.net/xmlparse.c?r1=1.166&r2=1.167; added remediation: expat.cvs.sourceforge.net/xmlparse.c?r1=1.166&r2=1.167; removed vendor advisory: debian.org/dsa-2525; removed vendor advisory: lists.apple.com/msg00005.html; 1 further additions; 7 further removals.expat.cvs.sourceforge.net ↗
- Before
- vendor advisory: debian.org/dsa-2525 · vendor advisory: lists.apple.com/msg00005.html · vendor advisory: mandriva.com/advisories?name=MDVSA-2012:041 · 6 more references
- After
- patch: expat.cvs.sourceforge.net/xmlparse.c?r1=1.166&r2=1.167 · remediation: expat.cvs.sourceforge.net/xmlparse.c?r1=1.166&r2=1.167 · vendor advisory: secunia.com/49504
- Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.CNA ↗
- Before
- n/a: n/a · Fixed: No fixed version is explicitly recorded in the structured CVE data.
- After
- n/a: n/a · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
- Remediation statusRemediation status changed from Awaiting fix to Patch available.expat.cvs.sourceforge.net ↗
- Before
- Awaiting fix
- After
- Patch available
- SeveritySeverity changed from Unknown to Medium.NIST NVD ↗
- Before
- Unknown
- After
- Medium
- CVSS scoreCVSS score changed from not recorded to 5.0 (CVSS 2.0 · NIST NVD · AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P).NIST NVD ↗
- Before
- not recorded
- After
- 5.0 (CVSS 2.0 · NIST NVD · AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P)
- Catalogue recordCVE added to the BlackTree catalogue.CNA ↗
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
- CVE
- Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
- CVSS
- Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
- EPSS
- Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
- CWE
- Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
- CNA
- CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
- CISA ADP
- Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
- NVD
- National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
- CERT / CSIRT
- A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
- PoC
- Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
- CSAF
- Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
- LoTL
- Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.