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Full vulnerability report · 2025
CVE-2025-4565High confidence

Unbounded recursion in Python Protobuf

protocolbuffers · Python-Protobuf

8.2HighCVSS 4.0
Recommended action
Within 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
R
Operational reassessment

Published severity in operational context

Open reassessment dashboard →
Published severityHighOperational priority:High, unchanged from published severity.unchanged

Evidence used

  • No CISA KEV confirmation is currently recorded.
  • The selected CVSS metric records a network-reachable, unauthenticated path with no user interaction.
  • EPSS is 0.26% for the current model date.

Compensating controls

  • Validate the affected product branch and deploy the verified fixed release.
  • Restrict the affected network interface to trusted sources where business-safe.
  • Monitor vendor guidance and exploitation sources for a material change.

Verification

  1. Confirm that the asset runs protocolbuffers Python-Protobuf and falls inside the recorded affected range.
  2. Verify the installed build against the product-specific fixed version after deployment.
  3. Validate exposure, authentication requirements and compensating controls in the actual environment.
  4. Reopen this reassessment when CVSS, KEV, EPSS, exploit evidence or remediation changes.
Mitigation target: Within 30 daysRemediation target: Within 180 days

This automated reassessment organises public evidence. It does not know asset exposure, business impact or control effectiveness and does not replace CVSS or a human risk decision.

Distribution package intelligence

Release-specific package status

Debian, ubuntu findings are scoped to the named distribution, release and source package. An absent finding does not mean a package is unaffected.

5 package states
Repository candidate not checked

A published vendor fix does not prove that a matching update is enabled and installable on a particular asset. Confirm the local package candidate before scheduling remediation.

Distribution releaseSource packageVendor stateFixed versionEvidence
Debian trixietrixie · sourceprotobufVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.3.21.12-11+deb13u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 8 Oct 2026
Debian bookwormbookworm · sourceprotobufVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.3.21.12-3+deb12u1Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 8 Oct 2026
Debian forkyforky · sourceprotobufVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.3.21.12-12Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 8 Oct 2026
Debian sidsid · sourceprotobufVendor fix publishedDebian records a fixed source-package version for this release.3.21.12-12Debian Security Tracker ↗Source updated 8 Oct 2026
Ubuntu 24.04 LTSnoble · standard archiveprotobufVendor fix publishedCanonical reports that a fixed source package version has been published. Repository candidate availability is not checked by BlackTree.3.21.12-8.2ubuntu0.2Canonical Ubuntu Security ↗Source updated 7 Oct 2026
Open-source package ranges6 source-attributed ranges

These OSV and GitHub advisory ranges apply only to the named package and ecosystem. A listed fixed version is not a universal product patch or proof that an update is installed.

Ecosystem and packageAffected rangeFirst fixed versionEvidence
PyPIprotobufECOSYSTEM: introduced 0; fixed 4.25.84.25.8OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
PyPIprotobufECOSYSTEM: introduced 5.26.0rc1; fixed 5.29.55.29.5OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
PyPIprotobufECOSYSTEM: introduced 6.30.0rc1; fixed 6.31.16.31.1OSV record ↗aggregator derived · 10 Sep 2026
pipprotobuf< 4.25.84.25.8GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 16 Jun 2025
pipprotobuf>= 5.26.0rc1, < 5.29.55.29.5GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 16 Jun 2025
pipprotobuf>= 6.30.0rc1, < 6.31.16.31.1GitHub advisory ↗upstream repository advisory · 16 Jun 2025
Direct vendor intelligence

Authoritative vendor CSAF and VEX advisories

Structured product status and remediation from the issuing vendor. Product-state explanations are always visible; large lists can be searched or downloaded.

1 current
CVE-2025-4565 · CSAF 2.0 · revision 3 · finalRed Hat Product Securitypython-protobuf: Unbounded recursion in Python Protobuf
175 known affected

The vendor explicitly identifies these products as affected by this CVE.

  • openshift-service-mesh-dev-preview-beta/istio-ztunnel-rhel9 as a component of OpenShift Service Mesh 3
  • openshift-service-mesh/istio-cni-rhel9 as a component of OpenShift Service Mesh 3
  • openshift-service-mesh/istio-must-gather-rhel9 as a component of OpenShift Service Mesh 3
  • openshift-service-mesh/istio-pilot-rhel9 as a component of OpenShift Service Mesh 3
  • openshift-service-mesh/istio-proxyv2-rhel9 as a component of OpenShift Service Mesh 3
  • openshift-service-mesh/istio-rhel9-operator as a component of OpenShift Service Mesh 3
  • openshift-service-mesh/istio-sail-operator-bundle as a component of OpenShift Service Mesh 3
  • rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat AI Inference Server
  • ansible-automation-platform-24/ee-dellemc-openmanage-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2
  • ansible-automation-platform-24/ee-supported-rhel8 as a component of Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2
  • ansible-automation-platform-24/ee-supported-rhel9 as a component of Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2
Summary
A flaw was found in the python protobuf package which can result in a denial of service. Applications that parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages, or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result in a Denial of service by crashing the application that integrates the package with a RecursionError.
Remediation
For details on how to apply this update, refer to Ansible Automation Platform documentation.
Optional official sources

National CERT insights
?CERT means Computer Emergency Response Team; CSIRT is the closely related term Computer Security Incident Response Team.

Choose official national sources for this report. Each advisory shows its original language. Your selection is remembered on this device and included in shared links.

Official European source

ENISA European Vulnerability Database

Official EUVD identifiers, advisory evidence and known-exploited context. Missing fields are not treated as evidence of low risk.

1 current
ENISA EUVD identifier

EUVD-2025-18401

No EUVD known-exploited evidence

ENISA has published the identifier mapping but no EUVD description has been stored yet.

EUVD state
Present in the current official mapping
Known exploitation
Not present in the current ENISA EUVD known-exploited dataset. This is not proof of no exploitation.
ENISA score
Not supplied in the stored EUVD record
Advisory evidence
No linked advisory details stored yet
Recommended actionWithin 7 days

High technical severity; prioritise exposed affected systems while verifying vendor guidance.

Patch available
01

What, why and how

Any project that uses Protobuf Pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result in a Denial of service by crashing the application with a RecursionError. We recommend upgrading to version =>6.31.1 or beyond commit 17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901

What

Any project that uses Protobuf Pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result in a Denial of service by crashing the application with a RecursionError. We recommend upgrading to version =>6.31.1 or beyond commit 17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901

Why

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

What

Any project that uses Protobuf Pure-Python backend to parse untrusted Protocol Buffers data containing an arbitrary number of recursive groups, recursive messages or a series of SGROUP tags can be corrupted by exceeding the Python recursion limit. This can result in a Denial of service by crashing the application with a RecursionError. We recommend upgrading to version =>6.31.1 or beyond commit 17838beda2943d08b8a9d4df5b68f5f04f26d901

Why

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

How

An attacker operating through a network path may attempt exploitation without authentication or user interaction. If successful, the issue may disrupt the affected service.

02

Exploit reality and attack path

CVSS severity, EPSS forecast probability, public exploit material and CISA-confirmed exploitation are separate signals.

Observed exploitation
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
No confirmed evidence

No CISA KEV match was present at the last successful refresh. This means no confirmation from that source, not proof of no exploitation.

Public PoC / exploit material
?Confirmed exploitation and public exploit material are separate signals. Attacks can occur without public proof-of-concept or exploit code.
None recorded

No exploit-tagged reference or CISA SSVC proof-of-concept state is currently recorded. Research may still exist outside the structured feeds.

Likely attack path
a network path → Uncontrolled Recursion → disrupt the affected service
Attack surface
Network
Privileges required
None: unauthenticated exploitation is possible
User interaction
None
Attack complexity
Low: no specialised conditions are recorded
Security boundary
Not a CVSS 4.0 base metric
Weakness
?CWE means Common Weakness Enumeration: a standard category for the underlying weakness.
CWE-674 ↗

CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion. The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

CVSS vector
?CVSS means Common Vulnerability Scoring System. The vector records the metric values used to calculate technical severity.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Common Vulnerability Scoring System 4.0: the compact vector below is decoded into plain language.

AVNetworkAttack vector: The vulnerable component can be reached over a network.ACLowAttack complexity: No specialised conditions are required beyond attacker-controlled input.ATPresentAttack requirements: A particular deployment or execution condition must be present.PRNonePrivileges required: The attacker does not need an account or existing privileges.UINoneUser interaction: No action by another user is required.VCNoneVulnerable-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VINoneVulnerable-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.VAHighVulnerable-system availability: A successful attack can cause a major loss.SCNoneSubsequent-system confidentiality: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SINoneSubsequent-system integrity: No direct loss is represented by this metric.SANoneSubsequent-system availability: No direct loss is represented by this metric.
Post-exploitation / living off the land
No specific living-off-the-land technique is confirmed in the structured sources. Monitor normal administration tools for activity inconsistent with the affected service's baseline.
NetworkUnauthenticatedDenial of serviceCWE-674
A

Official authority intelligence

Only matched European and national findings are included. Language selectors and unavailable sources are omitted.

BSI · German · WID-SEC-2025-1548Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform: Schwachstelle ermöglicht Denial of Service

Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann eine Schwachstelle in Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform ausnutzen, um einen Denial of Service Angriff durchzuführen.

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0627Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Splunk

org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30761 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31133 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31133 Référence CVE CVE-2025-37731 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37731 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4138 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4138 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4330 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4330 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4432 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4432 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4435 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4435 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4517 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4517 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4565 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46394 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46394 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4674 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4674 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46762 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46762 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47273 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47907 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47907 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47911 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47911 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47913 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47913 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48924 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2026-AVI-0281Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits Splunk

ERecord?id=CVE-2025-31651 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32988 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32988 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32989 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32989 Référence CVE CVE-2025-32990 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32990 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3360 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3360 Référence CVE CVE-2025-37727 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-37727 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3887 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3887 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4056 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4056 Référence CVE CVE-2025-45582 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-45582 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4565 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4574 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4574 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4598 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4598 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46394 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46394 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46701 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46701 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4673 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4673 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47183 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47183 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47806 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47806 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47807 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-202

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-1013Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

d?id=CVE-2025-38461 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38498 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38498 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38527 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38527 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38556 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38556 Référence CVE CVE-2025-38718 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-38718 Référence CVE CVE-2025-39730 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39730 Référence CVE CVE-2025-39757 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39757 Référence CVE CVE-2025-40928 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40928 Référence CVE CVE-2025-41244 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-41244 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4565 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47273 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49146 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49146 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49630 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49630 Référence CVE CVE-2025-49812 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49812 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50059 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50059 Référence CVE CVE-2025-50106 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-50106 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53057 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-53057 Référence CVE CVE-2025-53066 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=C

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0969Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits VMware

/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4330 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4373 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4373 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43857 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43857 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43859 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43859 Référence CVE CVE-2025-43965 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-43965 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4435 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4435 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4516 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4516 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4517 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4517 Référence CVE CVE-2025-45582 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-45582 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4565 Référence CVE CVE-2025-45768 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-45768 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4598 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4598 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46148 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46148 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46149 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46149 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46150 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46150 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46152 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46152 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46153 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46153 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46393 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0896Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

d?id=CVE-2025-27817 Référence CVE CVE-2025-27818 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27818 Référence CVE CVE-2025-29927 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29927 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30218 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30218 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30474 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30474 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30749 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30749 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30754 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30754 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30761 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30761 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31651 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4565 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46392 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46392 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46548 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46548 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46653 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46653 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47273 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47273 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47278 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47278 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48387 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48387 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48924 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48924 Référence CVE CVE-2025-48976 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=C

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0627Multiples vulnérabilités dans les produits IBM

g/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-52046 Référence CVE CVE-2024-5629 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-5629 Référence CVE CVE-2024-6827 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-6827 Référence CVE CVE-2024-7254 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-7254 Référence CVE CVE-2025-21587 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-21587 Référence CVE CVE-2025-2900 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-2900 Référence CVE CVE-2025-30698 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30698 Référence CVE CVE-2025-36097 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-36097 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4447 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4447 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4565 Gestion détaillée du document le 25 juillet 2025 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr france.fr info.gouv.fr/risques Premier Ministre / Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale / Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information

Official advisory ↗
CERT-FR · French · CERTFR-2025-AVI-0585Multiples vulnérabilités dans VMware Tanzu

g/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-29768 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31344 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31344 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31650 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31650 Référence CVE CVE-2025-31651 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31651 Référence CVE CVE-2025-3576 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-3576 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4138 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4138 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4330 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4330 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4435 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4435 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4517 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4517 Référence CVE CVE-2025-4565 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4565 Référence CVE CVE-2025-46701 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-46701 Référence CVE CVE-2025-47268 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-47268 Référence CVE CVE-2025-52968 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-52968 Référence CVE CVE-2025-5702 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-5702 Référence CVE CVE-2025-6020 https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-6020 Gestion détaillée du document le 11 juillet 2025 Version initiale Alertes Avis Bulletins d’actualités Mentions légales Conditions générales À propos Contact cyber.gouv.fr service-public.fr legifrance.gouv.fr info.gouv.fr

Official advisory ↗
JVN iPedia · Japanese · JVNDB-2025-011052Google の Python 用 protobuf における再帰制御に関する脆弱性

Google の Python 用 protobuf には、再帰制御に関する脆弱性が存在します。

Official advisory ↗
03

Patch and workaround

Operational remediation based on structured source evidence.

Status
?Patch availability is based on structured fixed-version fields and authoritative update references. If no fix is verified, check the vendor advisory before making a change.
Patch available
Affected
Fixed
Action
For details on how to apply this update, refer to Ansible Automation Platform documentation.
Workaround
No verified workaround is recorded. If business-safe, reduce exposure to the affected interface and allow only trusted sources until authoritative guidance is available.
04

Evidence and provenance

Published 16 Jun 2025 · Last source change 16 Jun 2025, 15:39 UTC · CWE-674 · Uncontrolled Recursion

CVE recordCVE.org · 5.1
CVSS sourceCNA
EPSS source
?The date BlackTree first stored a score for this CVE from the daily FIRST EPSS feed.
FIRST · tracked since 2026-08-14
European sourceENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-18401
Product sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
Remediation sourceVendor CSAF · Red Hat Product Security
CWE sourceCNA
NVD statusNVD enriched

Core structured fields are present and their contributing authorities are shown above.

Material change intelligence

What changed after publication

View recent updates ↗
  1. Affected versionsThe structured affected or fixed version information changed.
    Before
    < 4.25.8; < 5.29.5; < 6.31.1 · Fixed: An authoritative update reference is available, but the fixed version is not recorded in the structured CVE fields. Check the linked vendor advisory for the applicable release.
    After
    < 4.25.8; < 5.29.5; < 6.31.1 · Fixed: For details on how to apply this update, refer to Ansible Automation Platform documentation.
    Red Hat Product Security ↗
Material fields only · duplicate refreshes suppressed · history retained for the configured operational retention period
CVE published
Fixed release or patch reference recorded
Fixed release recorded from official guidance
ENISA EUVD · EUVD-2025-18401↗Red Hat Product Security security advisory↗CVE authority or vendor reference↗Official CVE record (CNA and ADP data)↗NVD record↗
Technical terms and abbreviations used in this report
CVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: the public identifier for one disclosed vulnerability.
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a technical severity framework; it is not patching priority by itself.
EPSS
Exploit Prediction Scoring System: FIRST's estimate of the probability that exploitation activity will be observed in the next 30 days; it is a forecast, not confirmation.
CWE
Common Weakness Enumeration: the standard category describing the underlying software or hardware weakness.
CNA
CVE Numbering Authority: an organisation authorised to assign and publish CVE records.
CISA ADP
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Authorized Data Publisher: structured enrichment added to a CVE record.
NVD
National Vulnerability Database: NIST's enrichment service for CVE records.
CERT / CSIRT
A computer security incident response team that publishes warnings or coordinates incident response.
PoC
Proof of concept: public material that demonstrates or helps reproduce exploitation.
CSAF
Common Security Advisory Framework: a machine-readable format for security advisories.
LoTL
Living off the land: abuse of legitimate tools or system functions during an attack.
Free version - for non-commercial use only.CVE-2025-4565 · cve.blacktree.nl